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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing returns and economic progress revisited (2003)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 30 (2003), S. 28-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is hypothesised that the phenomenon of increasing returns and economic progress may only be consistently explained by employing the epistemological paradox, that where knowledge is part of the system, knowledge about the system necessarily and inescapably changes the system itself. Accordingly, one expects to find the principle of increasing returns embodied in the theoretical writing about increasing returns. This is shown by an exemplary reading of the works of Young and Penrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580310455250
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of the hydrogenase from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 165 (1996), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hydrogenase of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 19859 was purified from cells grown lithoautotrophically with 80% hydrogen, 8.6% carbon dioxide, and 11.4% air. Hydrogenase was located in the 140,000 ×g supernatant in cell-free extracts. The enzyme was purified 7.3-fold after chromatography on Procion Red and Q-Sepharose with a yield of 19%, resulting in an 85% pure preparation with a specific activity of 6.0 U (mg protein)–1. With native PAGE, a mol. mass of 100 and 200 kDa was determined. With SDS-PAGE, two subunits of 64 (HoxG) and of 34 kDa (HoxK) were observed. Hydrogenase reacted with methylene blue and other artificial electron acceptors, but not with NAD. The optimum of enzyme activity was at pH 9 and at 49° C. Hydrogenase contained 0.72 mol nickel and 6.02 mol iron per mol enzyme. The relationship of the T. ferrooxidans hydrogenase to other proteins was examined. A 9.5-kb EcoRI fragment of T. ferrooxidans ATCC 19859 hybridized with a 2.2-kb XhoI fragment from Alcaligenes eutrophus encoding the membrane-bound hydrogenase. Antibodies against this enzyme did not react with the T. ferrooxidans hydrogenase in Western blot analysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (40 amino acids) of HoxK was 46% identical to that of the hydrogen sensor HupU of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and 39% identical to that of the HupS subunit of the Desulfovibrio baculatus hydrogenase. The N-terminal sequence of 20 amino acids of HoxG of T. ferrooxidans was 83.3% identical to that of the 60-kDa subunit. HupL, of the hydrogenase of Anabaena sp. Sequences of ten internal peptides of HoxG were 50–100% identical to the respective sequences of HupL of the Anabaena sp. hydrogenase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050329
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalogenierung und regioselektive Phosphiniden-Fragmentierung unsymmetrisch substituierter Methylenbisphosphane RXP-CH2-PXR′ mit Fe2(CO)9 (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 125 (1992), S. 1999-2006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Methylenebisphosphanes ; Clusters ; Phosphinidene fragmentation ; Regioselectivity ; Phosphaalkene ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dehalogenation and Regioselective Phosphinidene Fragmentation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Methylenebisphosphanes RXP-CH2-PXR′ with Fe2(CO)9Reductive dehalogenation of the unsymmetrically substituted methylenebisphosphanes RXP-CH2-PR′X [X = Cl, Br; R = tBu, NEt2; R′ = 2,4,6-R”3C6H2 (R” = Me, tBu), NEt2, 2,6-iPr2C6-H3O, 2,6,4-tBu2MeC6H2O] with Fe2(CO)9 affords, depending on the reaction conditions employed, phosphido complexes [μ2-(RP-CH2-PR′)]Fe2(CO)6 (2) or phosphaalkene clusters (μ3-PR′)(η2,μ3-PRCH2)Fe3(CO)9(6) or [(μ-PR)(η2,μ3PR′CH2)]Fe3-(CO)9 (7), respectively, by regioselective phosphinidene fragmentation of the RP-CH2-PR′ skeletons. The unstable cluster compounds [μ3-PR′-CH2-PR)]Fe3(CO)9 (4) are formed as intermediate products. X-ray structural analysis of 6c (R = tBu; R′ = NEt2) reveals a flat butterfly (μ3-PR)Fe3 structure bridged by the phosphaalkene ligand tBuP = CH2 with a short P = C distance [177.2(4) pm].
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19921250905
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Koordinationschemie hemilabiler P,N-Hybridliganden mit terminalen 2-Pyridyl-DonorgruppierungenHerrn Professor Dr. O. J. Scherer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2-Pyridylalkylphosphanes ; Hemilabile ligands ; Nickel complexes ; Palladium complexes ; Platinum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Hemilabile P,N-Hybride Ligands with Terminal 2-Pyridyl Donor Groups*P,N-hybride ligands 1-7 containing terminal 2-pyridyl donor groups have been obtained by base-catalyzed addition of diphenylvinylphosphane or 2-vinylpyridine to primary or secondary phosphanes [2-Py-(CH2)2-PR′H (R′ = H, Ph), HMeP-(CH2)3-PMeH] or by alkylation of organolithium phosphides, R2P-(CH2)3-PMeLi or 2-Py-(CH2)2-PR′Li (R = Ph, iPr; R′ = H, Ph), with 2-(2-chloroethyl)pyridine or di-tert-butylphosphetanium bromide. Upon reaction with NiBr2 3 H2O or K2MCl4 (M = Pd, Pt) the phosphanes (L) of type 2-Py-(CH2)2-P(R′)-(CH2)m-PR2 (1, 3, 6) form square planar Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes of composition MX2(L) (10-14). With NiBr2 and K2MX4 the tripod type phosphane 2 forms square pyramidal complexes [MX(2)]X (M = Ni, Pd; X = Cl, Br; 15, 16). An X-ray structural analysis of [NiBr(2)]+Br- (15) reveals a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry at Ni(II), the 2-Py donor being in apical position with a long Ni—N bond [2.270(15) Å]. The tetradentate ligand 7 forms Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes MX2(7) which for M = Pd, Pt show dynamic behaviour by exchange of the terminal Py donor groups. With [RhCl(COD)]2 the tridentate ligands L (1 and 3) yield complexes of composition RhCl(L) (20, 21). The structure of 20 has been determinated by X-ray diffraction. The ligand 3, acting in a tridentate manner, is coordinated to Rh(I) in a distorted square-planar arrangement with a normal Rh—N distance [2.145(3) Å].
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19941270306
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  • 5
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    Optimal Sequence-Based Control of Networked Linear Systems (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In Networked Control Systems (NCS), components of a control loop are connected by data networks that may introduce time-varying delays and packet losses into the system, which can severly degrade control performance. Hence, this book presents the newly developed S-LQG (Sequence-Based Linear Quadratic Gaussian) controller that combines the sequence-based control method with the well-known LQG approach to stochastic optimal control in order to compensate for the network-induced effects.
    Keywords: QA75.5-76.95 ; Paketverluste ; Networked Control Systems (NCS) ; sequence-based control ; Optimale Regelung ; Sequenzbasierte Regelung ; optimal control ; packet losses ; time delays ; Vernetzte Regelungssysteme (NCS) ; Zeitverzögerungen ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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    E-BOOK
  • 6
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    Human sleep consolidates allergic responses conditioned to the environmental context of an allergen exposure (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-04
    Description: Allergies are highly prevalent, and allergic responses can be triggered even in the absence of allergens due to Pavlovian conditioning to a specific cue. Here we show in humans suffering from allergic rhinitis that merely reencountering the environmental context in which an allergen was administered a week earlier is sufficient to trigger an allergic response—but only if participants had slept after allergen exposure. This context-conditioning effect was entirely absent when participants stayed awake the night after allergen exposure or were tested in a different context. Unlike in context conditioning, cue conditioning (to an odor stimulus) occurred independently of sleep, a differential pattern that is likewise observed for conditioning in the behavioral domain. Our findings provide evidence that allergic responses can be conditioned to contextual information alone, even after only a single-trial conditioning procedure, and that sleep is necessary to consolidate this rapidly acquired maladaptive response. The results unravel a mechanism that could explain part of the strong psychological impact on allergic responses.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Electrical spin injection and transport in germanium (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Author(s): Yi Zhou, Wei Han, Li-Te Chang, Faxian Xiu, Minsheng Wang, Michael Oehme, Inga A. Fischer, Joerg Schulze, Roland. K. Kawakami, and Kang L. Wang [Phys. Rev. B 84, 125323] Published Fri Sep 30, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    Oxygen as a Site Specific Probe of the Structure of Water and Oxide Materials (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Author(s): Anita Zeidler, Philip S. Salmon, Henry E. Fischer, Jörg C. Neuefeind, J. Mike Simonson, Hartmut Lemmel, Helmut Rauch, and Thomas E. Markland [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 145501] Published Fri Sep 30, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Forests, Vol. 10, Pages 73: Landscape-Scale Mixtures of Tree Species are More Effective than Stand-Scale Mixtures for Biodiversity of Vascular Plants, Bryophytes and Lichens (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Forests
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Tree species diversity can positively affect the multifunctionality of forests. This is why conifer monocultures of Scots pine and Norway spruce, widely promoted in Central Europe since the 18th and 19th century, are currently converted into mixed stands with naturally dominant European beech. Biodiversity is expected to benefit from these mixtures compared to pure conifer stands due to increased abiotic and biotic resource heterogeneity. Evidence for this assumption is, however, largely lacking. Here, we investigated the diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens at the plot (alpha diversity) and at the landscape (gamma diversity) level in pure and mixed stands of European beech and conifer species (Scots pine, Norway spruce, Douglas fir) in four regions in Germany. We aimed to identify compositions of pure and mixed stands in a hypothetical forest landscape that can optimize gamma diversity of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens within regions. Results show that gamma diversity of the investigated groups is highest when a landscape comprises different pure stands rather than tree species mixtures at the stand scale. Species mainly associated with conifers rely on light regimes that are only provided in pure conifer forests, whereas mixtures of beech and conifers are more similar to beech stands. Combining pure beech and pure conifer stands at the landscape scale can increase landscape level biodiversity and conserve species assemblages of both stand types, while landscapes solely composed of stand scale tree species mixtures could lead to a biodiversity reduction of a combination of investigated groups of 7 up to 20%.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
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    Global and Local Aging in Differently Stabilized Polypropylenes Exposed to Hot Chlorinated Water with and without Superimposed Mechanical-Environmental Loads (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-08
    Description: The influence of chlorinated water on the global and local aging behavior of polypropylene (PP) was investigated for three differently stabilized PP grades consisting of the same PP base polymer. While one of the PP grades contained only a processing stabilizer (PP-S0), the other two were modified with a primary phenolic antioxidant (PP-S1) and a combination of a primary phenolic antioxidant and a hindered amine stabilizer (PP-S3). To study global aging effects, micro-sized specimens were pre-exposed to chlorinated water (5 mg/L free chlorine) at 60 °C for up to 750 h. Over the entire exposure period, significant material aging was detected by monitoring a continuous decrease in stabilizer content, oxidation induction temperature, mean molar mass, and mechanical strain at break. In terms of aging resistance and ultimate mechanical performance, PP-S1 was found to outperform the other two material formulations under these test conditions. Moreover, superimposed mechanical-environmental fatigue tests with cracked round bar specimens were carried out with the three PP grades in non-chlorinated (0 mg/L free chlorine) and chlorinated (5 mg/L free chlorine) water at 80 °C and 95 °C to study local crack tip aging effects. While the fatigue crack growth resistance substantially deteriorated for all three materials in chlorinated water, a significantly stronger effect was found for the higher temperature, with crack growth rates at a given stress intensity factor range in chlorinated water being ca. 30 to 50 times faster than in non-chlorinated water, depending on the material. Molar mass measurements of material samples taken from various positions of the tested CRB specimens provided clear evidence of enhanced local crack tip aging due to the chlorinated water environment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4360
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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