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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 25 (1982), S. 730-735 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 1057-1059 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The stress field of an interfacial crack in non-homogeneous materials is computed usingthe semi-analytical method of arbitrary lines (MAL). Then, the eigen-functions of stress, strain anddisplacement, i.e. the angular distribution functions near a crack tip, are analyzed based on ourwedge-shape non-homogeneous model. Finally, the growing direction of the interfacial crack isdetermined according to the relevant maximum normal stress criterion accurately. Therefore, theeffective approach is provided for solving the complicated crack growing directions of an interfacialcrack in non-homogeneous materials
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 166-169 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of different continuous material parameter functions in the non-homogeneousregion on the eigen-functions of crack tip fields is studied by means of the semi-analyticalnumerical method based on the wedge shaped non-homogeneous sector model. The cases of thedifferent opening angles of the non-homogeneous region, the different dissimilar material ratios, thedifferent configurations, etc. are analyzed systematically. The result shows that the effect becomessmaller as the opening angle of the wedge shaped non-homogeneous sector becomes smaller. Thevaluable conclusion is drawn that the differences among the eigen-functions corresponding to thecases can be neglected as long as the opening angle is small enough for the engineering application,which facilitates the engineering application of the non-homogeneous region model
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 1023-1026 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Analytical expressions for crack-tip higher order stress functions for a plane crack in aspecial functionally graded material (FGM), which has an variation of elastic modulus in 1 2 powerform along the gradient direction, are obtained through an asymptotic analysis. The Poisson’s ratio ofthe FGM is assumed to be constant in the analysis. The higher order fields in the asymptoticexpansion display the influence of non-homogeneity on the structure of crack-tip fields obviously.Furthermore, it can be seen from expressions of higher order stress fields that at least three terms mustbe considered in the case of FGMs in order to explicitly account for non-homogeneity effects on thecrack- tip stress fields. These results provide the basis for fracture analysis and engineeringapplications of this FGM
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 1027-1030 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The high order discontinuous asymptotic fields similar to the Williams’ solutions tocrack problems in homogeneous materials are obtained by asymptotic analysis for an anti-planeproblem in non-homogeneous materials and the crack at the physical weak-discontinuous interface.These results provide a theoretical basis for engineering application of weak-discontinuity fracture
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 33-37 (Mar. 2008), p. 713-718 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Crack-tip higher order stress and displacement fields for a mode III crack along thedirection of property variation in a functionally gradient material (FGM), which has a powervariation of shear modulus along the gradient direction, are obtained through the asymptoticanalysis. The asymptotic expansions of crack tip stress fields are derived to explicitly bring out theinfluence of non-homogeneity on the structure of the stress field. The analysis reveals that only thehigher order terms in the expansion are influenced by the material non-homogeneity. Moreover, itcan be seen from expressions of higher order stress fields that at least three terms must beconsidered in the case of FGMs in order to explicitly and theoretically account for non-homogeneityeffects on crack tip stress fields
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 2003-2006 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Method of Lines (MOLs) is introduced to solve 2-Dimension steady temperature field offunctionally graded materials (FGMs). The main idea of the method is to semi–discretized thegoverning equation of thermal transfer problem into a system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs) defined on discrete lines by means of the finite difference method. The temperature field ofFGM can be obtained by solving the ODEs with functions of thermal properties. As numericalexamples, six kinds of material thermal conductivity functions, i.e. three kinds of polynomialfunctions, an exponent function, a logarithmic function, and a sine function are selected to simulatespatial thermal conductivity profile in FGMs respectively. The steady-state temperature fields of2-D thermal transfer problem are analyzed by the MOLs. Numerical results show that differentmaterial thermal conductivity function has obvious different effect on the temperature field
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 561-565 (Oct. 2007), p. 1957-1960 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Functionally gradient material (FGM) developed for heat-shielding structure is often usedin the very high temperature environment. Therefore, the material property parameters are not onlyfunctions of spatial coordinates but also ones of temperature. The former leads to partial differentialequations with variable coefficients, the latter to nonlinear governing equations. It is usually verydifficult to obtain the analytical solution to such thermal conduction problems of FGMs. If the finiteelement method is adopted, it is very inconvenient because material parameter values must beimputed for each element. Hence, a semi-analytic numerical method, i.e., method of lines (MOLs)is introduced. The thermal conductivity functions do not need to be discretized and remainoriginal form in ordinary differential equations. As a numerical example, the nonlinear steadytemperature fields are computed for a rectangular non-homogeneous region with the first, thesecond and the third kinds of boundary conditions, where three kinds of functions, i.e. power,exponential and logarithmic ones are adopted for the thermal conductivity. Results display theimportant influence of non-linearity on temperature fields. Moreover, the results given here providethe better basis for thermal stress analysis of non-homogenous and non-linear materials
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Acetyl-CoA ; Sarcinapterin ; Methanopterin ; Multienzyme complex ; Ferredoxin ; Archaeoglobus ; fulgidus ; Methanosarcina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase (ACDS) multienzyme complex catalyzes the reversible cleavage and synthesis of acetyl-CoA in methanogens. This report of the enzyme complex in Archaeoglobus fulgidus demonstrates the existence of a functional ACDS complex in an organism that is not a methanogen. The A. fulgidus enzyme complex contained five subunits of 89, 72, 50, 49.5, and 18.5 kDa, and it catalyzed the overall synthesis of acetyl-CoA according to the following reaction: w CO2 + 2 Fdred(Fe2+) + 2 H+ + CH3– H4SPt + CoA ⇌ acetyl-CoA + H4SPt + 2 Fdox(Fe3+) + H2O where Fd is ferredoxin, and CH3–H4SPt and H4SPt denote N 5-methyl-tetrahydrosarcinapterin and tetrahydrosarcinapterin, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 27 (1999), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: apoptosis ; carrot protoplast ; DNA ladder ; ethrel ; ethylene ; nucleus condensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, apoptosis has been reported to exist in plants during normal development and in response to stress. However, little is known about the relation of hormones to this form of programmed cell death. Here, we report examination of characteristics of apoptosis in carrot protoplasts induced by ethylene evolved from ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid). Nucleus condensation and DNA ladders were observed, and neutral comet assay, which detects DNA cleavage, also provided evidence that ethrel treatment resulted in nuclear DNA fragmentation. Strikingly, a close correlation between the incidence of DNA comets and the percentage of apoptotic protoplasts was shown in ethrel-treated carrot protoplasts. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ethylene is an active inducer of apoptosis in carrot protoplasts, and that ethylene-induced plant cell death showed characteristics similar to those of apoptosis in animals.
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