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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activities of benthic nitrifiers in streams and their role in oxygen consumption (1984)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 10 (1984), S. 317-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The in situ rates of oxygen consumption by benthic nitrifiers were estimated at 11 study sites in 4 streams. Two methods were used: an in situ respiration chamber method and a method involving conversion of nitrifying potential measurements to in situ rates. Estimates of benthic nitrogenous oxygen consumption (BNOC) rate ranged from 0–380 mmol of O2 m−2·day−1, and BNOC contributed between 0–85% of the total benthic oxygen consumption rate. The activity of nitrifiers residing in the sediments was influenced by O2 availability, temperature, pH, and substrate. Depending upon site, nitrification could approximate either first-order or zero-order kinetics with respect to ammonium concentration. The source of ammonium for benthic nitrifiers could be either totally from within the sediment or totally from the overlying water. Nitrate produced in the sediments could flux to the water above or be lost within the sediment. The sediments could act as a source (positive flux) or sink (negative flux) for both ammonium (−185 mmol·m−2·day−1 to +195 mmol·m−2·day−1) and nitrate (−135 mmol·m−2·day−1 to +185 mmol·m−2·day−1). This study provides evidence to suggest that measurements of down-stream mass flow changes in inorganic nitrogen forms may give poor estimates of in situ rates of nitrification in flowing waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015557
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small headwater catchment (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 202 (1990), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: denitrification ; riparian zone ; stream ; plant uptake ; mass balance ; ground water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A mass balance procedure was used to determine rates of nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small New Zealand headwater stream. In all 12 surveys the majority of nitrate loss (56–100%) occurred in riparian organic soils, despite these soils occupying only 12% of the stream's border. This disproportionate role of the organic soils in depleting nitrate was due to two factors. Firstly, they were located at the base of hollows and consequently a disproportionately high percentage (37–81%) of the groundwater flowed through them in its passage to the stream. Secondly, they were anoxic and high in both denitrifying enzyme concentration and available carbon. Direct estimates ofin situ denitrification rate for organic soils near the upslope edge (338 mg N m−2 h−1) were much higher than average values estimated for the organic soils as a whole (0.3–2.1 mg N m−2 h−1) and suggested that areas of these soils were limited in their denitrification activity by the supply of nitrate. The capacity of these soils to regulate nitrate flux was therefore under-utilized. The majority of stream channel nitrate depletion was apparently due to plant uptake, with estimates of thein situ denitrification rate of stream sediments being less than 15% of the stream channel nitrate depletion rate estimated by mass balance. This study has shown that catchment hydrology can interact in a variety of ways with the biological processes responsible for nitrate depletion in riparian and stream ecosystems thereby having a strong influence on nitrate flux. This reinforces the view that those seeking to understand the functioning of these ecosystems need to consider hydrological phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02208124
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small headwater catchment (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 202 (1990), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: denitrification ; riparian zone ; stream ; plant uptake ; mass balance ; ground water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A mass balance procedure was used to determine rates of nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small New Zealand headwater stream. In all 12 surveys the majority of nitrate loss (56–100%) occurred in riparian organic soils, despite these soils occupying only 12% of the stream's border. This disproportionate role of the organic soils in depleting nitrate was due to two factors. Firstly, they were located at the base of hollows and consequently a disproportionately high percentage (37–81%) of the groundwater flowed through them in its passage to the stream. Secondly, they were anoxic and high in both denitrifying enzyme concentration and available carbon. Direct estimates of in situ denitrification rate for organic soils near the upslope edge (338 mg N m−2 h−1) were much higher than average values estimated for the organic soils as a whole (0.3–2.1 mg N m−2 h−1) and suggested that areas of these soils were limited in their denitrification activity by the supply of nitrate. The capacity of these soils to regulate nitrate flux was therefore under-utilized. The majority of stream channel nitrate depletion was apparently due to plant uptake, with estimates of the in situ denitrification rate of stream sediments being less than 15% of the stream channel nitrate depletion rate estimated by mass balance. This study has shown that catchment hydrology can interact in a variety of ways with the biological processes responsible for nitrate depletion in riparian and stream ecosystems thereby having a strong influence on nitrate flux. This reinforces the view that those seeking to understand the functioning of these ecosystems need to consider hydrological phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027089
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of nitrate formation within an exotic conifer plantation (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Allelopaths ; Andept ; Mineralization ; Nitrate formation ; Nitrifiers ; Pasture Pines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrate-N losses to stream waters and soil inorganic N pools, nitrifying potentials and NO3-N production rates were measured in 2 adjacent watersheds, one used as pasture and the other planted in exotic conifer forest (Pinus radiata D. Don). Estimated NO3-N loss to stream waters draining the pine and pasture watersheds were 0.6kg ha−1 y−1 and 7.6 kg ha−1 y−1 respectively. Ammonium-N pool sizes were not significantly different between soils in the two watersheds but NO3−N pools and nitrifying potentials were always lower in the pine watershed soil samples. Laboratory incubation experiments indicated that suppression of NO3−N formation in pine watershed soils required the presence of live tree roots and was not due to the direct action of allelopathic chemicals on nitrifiers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374289
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  • 5
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    Nitrate depletion in the riparian zone and stream channel of a small headwater catchment (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Activities of benthic nitrifiers in streams and their role in oxygen consumption (1984)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0095-3628
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-184X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Suppression of nitrate formation within an exotic conifer plantation (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    The Fate of Groundwater Ammonium in a Lake Edge Wetland (1998)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2425
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-2537
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Sources and sinks of nutrients in a New Zealand hill pasture catchment III. Nitrogen (1988)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Description: A study was made of the nitrogen (N) inputs to, and exports from, a stream draining a pasture catchment near Hamilton, New Zealand, in order to plan measures for minimizing N losses to natural waters. An estimated 7 kg N ha−1 was exported from the catchment during 1981 of which 86 per cent was in reduced forms (Kjeldahl‐N, TKN) and the remainder as nitrate‐N (NO3‐N). Virtually all of the reduced N inputs came from saturated overland flow whereas NO3‐N inputs were dominantly subsurface derived. The TKN exported by individual storm events could be predicted (R2 = 0.97) from peak flow and from the peak flow rate in the seven days preceding the storm. A TKN balance for eight events showed that except for large floods (return period approximately a year) the stream system was a net sink for TKN. During large floods, scouring of the organic rich seepage areas resulted in the stream system itself being a net source of TKN. Microbial assays for nitrification and denitrification activity indicated that the main nitrate source was the well‐aerated greywacke and ash soils and that the permanently saturated seepage zones were a significant nitrate sink. An in‐stream nitrate addition experiment showed that up to 20mg N m−2 h−1 was removed from the stream. Simultaneous measurements of in situ denitrification activity demonstrated that only about 1 per cent of this removal could be accounted for by denitrification. It was inferred that plant uptake was responsible for the remainder. Retention of near‐stream seepage areas is suggested as a measure for minimizing NO3‐N export, whilst removal of stock from seasonally saturated areas during periods of saturatior should reduce soil loss and hence TKN inputs to the stream. Copyright © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Predictions of stream nutrient and sediment yield changes following restoration of forested riparian buffers (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-8574
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6992
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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