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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous axial and rotational electron beam velocity measurement using a phosphor scintillator (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2268-2270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel method which measures beam axial and rotational velocity for any large-orbit beam with a common guiding center is described. Time-integrated beam velocity information is obtained using a beam block and phosphor scintillator. Results using this method are compared to capacitive probe measurements and trajectory modeling for the electron beam for a cyclotron autoresonance maser oscillator. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1366633
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swimming activity and energetic expenditure of captive rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) estimated by electromyogram telemetry (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) are usually cultured at high densities to maximize production, but little is known about the physiological and behavioural consequences of high-density fish culture. The purpose of this study was to develop quantitative correlates of activity for fish held under conditions of increasing density. Fifteen hatchery-reared rainbow trout (mean fork length = 432.3 ± 9.2 mm) were implanted with activity (electromyogram; EMGi) transmitters and randomly assigned to each of three replicate tanks. Original tank densities (15 kg m−3) were then increased to 30 and finally to 60 kg m−3 at weekly intervals by adding additional fish. Remote telemetry signals indicated that activity increased with increasing stocking density. Fish were relatively inactive during the middle of the day, with diel activity patterns not differing among treatments. Fish were more active during periods of darkness, with activity increasing with increasing stocking density. Relationships between swimming speed, EMGi activity and oxygen consumption were developed using a respirometer and used to estimate oxygen consumption of the fish in the density treatments. Average oxygen consumption estimates increased with increasing density treatments as follows: low density = 75.6 mg kg−1 h−1; medium density = 90.0 mg kg−1 h−1; and high density = 102.6 mg kg−1 h−1. Telemetry permits quantification of the effects of increasing density on fish activity. Physiological telemetry devices may provide a useful tool for remotely monitoring animal welfare correlates under controlled conditions for fish exposed to different husbandry conditions and may prove a valuable tool for the aquaculture industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00470.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of radio-transmitter antenna length on swimming performance of juvenile rainbow trout (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract –  Technological advances have lead to the production of micro radio-transmitters capable of being implanted in fish as small as c. 5 g. Although the actual tags are small, transmitters are equipped with long antennas that can increase drag and tangle in debris. We examined the effects of radio-transmitter antenna length on the swimming performance of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, (N = 156, mean mass = 34 g, mean fork length = 148 mm). Although we tested a variety of different antenna lengths up to a maximum of 300 mm, only the longest antenna significantly impaired swimming performance relative to control fish (P 〈 0.001). There was no difference in swimming performance between the sham (surgery, but no transmitter) and the control fish (handled, but no surgery), suggesting that the surgical procedure itself did not negatively affect the fish. Regression analysis, however, indicated that there was a significant decrease in swimming performance associated with increased antenna length (R2 = 0.11, P 〈 0.001). In addition, when held in laboratory tanks, fish with the three longest antennas (150, 225 and 300 mm) frequently became entangled with the standpipe. We suggest that researchers, under the guidance of the tag manufacturer, trim antennas to the shortest possible length required to detect fish in their specific study area. Antenna length is clearly an important issue for small fish, especially for species that inhabit complex habitats where antennas may become entangled, and where fish must attain speeds near limits of their swimming capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00061.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of suture material on incision healing, growth and survival of juvenile largemouth bass implanted with miniature radio transmitters: case study of a novice and experienced fish surgeon (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, intraperitoneally implanted with microradio transmitters exhibited short-term (5 days) inflammation around the incision and suture insertion points for both non-absorbable braided silk and non-absorbable polypropylene monofilament, but in the longer term (20 days) almost all sutures were shed and the incisions were completely healed. Cumulative mortality was higher for fish with braided silk sutures, however, post-mortem analysis revealed that violations to the gastro-intestinal tract from the surgical procedure were the usual cause of the mortality. Mortality was generally low in control fish. The two surgeons who performed the implantations differed substantially in experience. Despite receiving basic training, the novice surgeon took longer to complete the surgeries, had reduced suture precision and experienced more fish mortality relative to the experienced surgeon. For both surgeons, it took longer to complete suturing with polypropylene than with braided silk. During the surgery day, the experienced surgeon exhibited consistently rapid surgery times, whereas the novice surgeon exhibited significantly improved speed as the number of surgeries completed increased. This study suggests that microtransmitters can be successfully implanted in juvenile largemouth bass but some mortality can be expected. This mortality seems to be independent of suture material, but dependent upon the experience of the surgeon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00119.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Externally attached radio transmitters do not affect the parental care behaviour of rock bass (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Turning, pectoral fin and caudal fin rates and time spent on the nest of male rock bass Ambloplites rupestris, engaged in parental care, were not affected after the attachment of external radio transmitters. Reproductive success was similar between treatment and control fish. Micro external radio transmitters can be used on small fishes for studying parental care duration and post-care movement without altering their behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00077.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological performance of largemouth bass related to local adaptation and interstock hybridization: implications for conservation and management (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Four genetically distinct stocks of age 2+ years largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were produced using adults collected from two regions in the upper midwest (central Illinois, IL and south-eastern Wisconsin, WI, U.S.A.). Two pure stocks (IL × IL and WI × WI), as well as both of their reciprocal F1 interstock hybrids (IL × WI and WI × IL) were produced in research ponds in Champaign, IL. In general, swimming performance, routine oxygen consumption and activity were highest at 18 × C, intermediate at 12 × C, and lowest at 6. C for all stocks. However, performance indicators varied among stocks at each of the temperatures. The pure Illinois stock (IL × IL) had the lowest activity: cost ratio at 18 × C and the highest at 6_ C (based upon swimming strength, routine activity rates and routine metabolic rates). The opposite pattern was observed for the other pure stock (WI × WI). Although differences were less distinct at lower temperatures, the two pure stocks (IL × IL and WI × WI) outperformed both interstock hybrids. These results indicate that not only do non-native stocks appear to have reduced performance relative to locally adapted stocks, but also that interstock hybrids exhibit performance impairments, not hybrid vigour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb01389.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of several techniques for mobility and activity estimates of smallmouth bass in lentic environments (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mean daily mobility estimates for smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from mark-recapture (47·5±12·5 m) were less than from conventional telemetry (77·1±10·6 m). The relationship developed in a respirometer between the activity transmitter and swimming speed (r2=0·99, P 〈 0·001, n=6) when applied to field activity data estimated mean daily movement at 27 408±4085 m, i.e. 〉100 times mark/recapture or telemetry estimates. Using these estimates in the activity parameter of a bioenergetics model resulted in different model outputs. These results highlight the potential underestimates in activity associated with using traditional mark-recapture and locational telemetry and reaffirm that fish expend a significant portion of their activity budgets undertaking localized movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb02273.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling non-invasive physiological assessments with telemetry to understand inter-individual variation in behaviour and survivorship of sockeye salmon: development and validation of a technique (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Approximately 200 km from the mouth of the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, adult sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, were gastrically implanted with radio transmitters without anaesthetic. Subsets of the transmitter implanted fish were also biopsied which included drawing blood from the caudal peduncle (3 ml), removal of gill tissue (0·03 g) and quantification of energetic status using a microwave fat meter. Several experiments were used to test the hypothesis that the biopsy had a negligible effect on the subsequent survival and migratory behaviour of transmitter implanted fish. In the first experiment, no difference was found in the survival (both 100%) or tag retention (both 100%) between the two treatment groups (transmitter implanted with and without biopsy) when fish were held in pens for 24 h in the marine environment. Similarly, in other experiments where fish were released to the ocean to resume their migratory journey, no statistical differences were found in the travel times of fish in the two treatment groups, or in the proportion of fish that passed in-river telemetry checkpoints. These results indicated that the handling and biopsy methods produced similar levels of mortality and tag retention as the telemetry treatment alone and that any changes in behaviour between the two treatment groups did not adversely affect migration time. Based upon the evidence provided from the biotelemetry of 〉300 adult sockeye salmon, it was felt that this general type of approach could be applicable to other fish species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00830.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrofishing-induced cardiac disturbance and injury in rainbow trout (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of fish biology 64 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) were monitored in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss electroshocked (pulsed DC) with various voltage, frequency, pulse width and shock duration settings. Additionally, behavioural recovery times and internal haemorrhaging were examined. During electroshock, heart function became erratic and typically ceased for much of the event (cardiac arrest). Following electroshock, CO increased almost entirely due to an increase in SV. Cardiac function generally returned to resting levels within 2–3 h. Behaviourally, recovery was much more rapid, typically taking only a few minutes for fish to regain equilibrium and to begin swimming normally, and only rarely was 〉1 h. Internal injury ranged from 0 to 7 cm2 of haemorrhaging along the spine and surrounding musculature, although only 4% of the fish had corresponding damage to the vertebrae. Comparisons across the various electrofisher settings indicate that response and injury are highly variable, but generally increased with more intense settings. Higher frequencies and voltages appear to most negatively affect behavioural recovery and injury while longer shock durations increased the length of cardiac arrest and the duration of cardiac recovery. Because of the variability in results and small sample sizes, however, the strongest conclusion that can be drawn from this work is that electrofishing, regardless of the settings, has a considerable negative impact on rainbow trout that is often not apparent externally. Additionally, this study has shown how electrofishing directly effects fish physiologically through impairment of cardiac function. Studies examining the physiological and behavioural response of fishes and subsequent recovery will be necessary for the development of electrofishing guidelines which minimize the disturbance to fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00364.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical activity and behavior of a centrarchid fish, Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède), during spawning (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract – The spawning behavior of male and female largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) was studied in central Illinois during the spring of 1998 to examine patterns of muscular activity associated with different spawning related behaviors and to evaluate whether electromyogram (EMGi) telemetry could be used to detect spawning activity. Fish were implanted with EMGi transmitters (8 females, 16 males) on April 7, prior to the initiation of spawning, and were released in four 0.10-ha earthen research ponds. Continuous EMGi records, underwater videography and additional visual observations for one pair of EMGi tagged fish were collected throughout the entire spawning event, allowing us to quantify behavioral correlates of physical activity. Male EMGi activity patterns were only correlated with female patterns during courting and periods of male aggression toward the female. Overall, EMGi activity was highest for the female during shuddering (gamete deposition), whereas male EMGi activity was similarly high during periods of nest excavation, shuddering and post-spawn parental care activities. During spawning, female EMGi activity was positively correlated to shuddering. Average daily EMGi activities for females peaked on the day of spawning. As a result of their engagement in parental care activities, male activity continued to rise even after spawning was completed. EMGi telemetry appears to be a useful technique for monitoring the reproductive activity of largemouth bass, especially in areas of high cover or turbid water or during low light conditions. This technology permitted us to quantify and contrast the activity patterns associated with different spawning related activities, information that will be required to construct accurate, gender-specific bioenergetics models for this species./〉
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0633.2001.100405.x
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