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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraplane guided wave massive fanout optical interconnections (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 2071-2073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One-to-30 guided wave optical interconnections are demonstrated at 632.8 nm using a highly multiplexed waveguide volume hologram. This technology is capable of providing intrachip and intrawafer optical interconnections. The theoretical limit of the fanout number is addressed and experimentally confirmed. The measured data show that the diffracted beams have an average diffraction efficiency of 2.3% with ±0.2% variation. The demonstrated results can save surface space of electronic chips and also provide a large fanout capability due to the high index modulation of the volume hologram. Further applications based on this technology are very promising. Head-up display, high-speed optical data bus, surface enhanced Raman spectrometer, and optical sensors are some of the attractive ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103944
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-mode polymer waveguide modulator (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report herein the first single-mode polymer waveguide modulator which can be formed on any surface regardless of its conductivity and refractive index. These include semiconductor, conductor, and insulator surfaces. The tunability of the refractive index of the polymer film allows us to shift the guiding layer from a stepped index profile to a graded index profile. The phase-matching condition for optical power transfer is achieved through current-induced index modulation. Thirty-six dB extinction ratio, which includes 3 dB absorption loss and 33 dB phase-matched cross coupling, was observed with a current injection density of ∼1.8 μA/μm2. Unlike the conventional symmetrical dual channel coupler, the disparity of the collinear waveguide pair provides us with a much larger dynamic range of waveguide dimension suitable for generating the required phase-matching condition and thus easing the requirement of waveguide fabrication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104437
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly multiplexed graded-index polymer waveguide hologram for near-infrared eight-channel wavelength division demultiplexing (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1144-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An eight-channel single-mode wavelength division demultiplexer operating at 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, and 810 nm with diffraction angle varying from 16° to 44° and using a graded index (GRIN) polymer waveguide is reported for the first time. Diffraction efficiency up to 55% was measured. The wavelength spreading of the Ti:Al2O3 laser (∼4 nm, 3 dB bandwidth) causes an average crosstalk figure of −15.8 dB. The beamwidth of the diffracted signal as a function of the input beamwidth, the grating interaction length, and the diffraction angle are considered. Occurrence of the maximum value is further discussed. A waveguide lens is needed to efficiently couple the diffracted light into an output fiber whenever the diffracted beam size is beyond the core diameter of the fiber involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105538
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermo-optically tuned cascaded polymer waveguide taps (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polymer thermo-optic-waveguide taps have a potential application as light routers for guided-wave optical interconnects involving cascaded fanouts. The taps can guide light from an optical bus bar and direct it into other devices in a switching/modulation network. Thermo-optic waveguide taps are designed and fabricated on silicon wafers using standard very large-scale integrated fabrication techniques. Coupling of light into an adjacent waveguide tap is observed to increase by 12.3% from 38.7% to 51.0% with the application of 34 mW of power. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual-functional polymeric waveguide with optical amplification and electro-optic modulation (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2806-2807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical amplification and first-order electro-optic effect have been observed simultaneously in one polymeric material photolime gel which has been used widely as a volume holographic material to produce dichromated gelatin films. In this letter, the dual functions were achieved by doping neodymium chloride hexahydrate and chlorophenol red. The optimized doping concentration of Nd+3 is 6.7×1019 cm−3. The weight percentage of chlorophenol red is 23%. We observed a 3.8 dB of optical gain at 1.06 μm and an electro-optic coefficient of 22 pm/V at 633 nm. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121464
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced electro-optic coefficient of nonlinear optical polymer using liquid contact poling (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 538-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The value of electro-optic coefficient r33 of an electro-optic (EO) polymer film depends on the polarization density achieved after the electric poling process. In this letter, we report a high temperature liquid contact poling method which provides a poling field as high as 250 V/μm in LD-3 EO polymer film with less surface damages. The r33 value was measured to be 18 pm/V at 633 nm which is 40°/V higher than the previous reported datum. Such a high poling field and therefore larger r33 value are not achievable through either contact poling or corona poling. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118333
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer microstructure waveguides on alumina and beryllium oxide substrates for optical inteconnection (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 709-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the first high quality optical waveguides (loss 〈1 dB/cm) on alumina and beryllium oxide substrates. The tunability of the polymer guiding layer refractive index is provided through a recently developed wet processing technique. This procedure changes the waveguide propagation loss from larger than 40 dB/cm to less than 1 dB/cm. Since alumina (Al2O3) and beryllium oxide (BeO) are the major substrates for hybrid mode microwave integrated circuits (HMMICs), realization of such waveguides is useful for optical interconnection and signal processing for HMMIC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103313
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro-optic depolarization switch on y-cut LiNbO3 proton-exchanged channel waveguides (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 2628-2630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the first electro-optic depolarization (TE guided mode to TM substrate modes) switch on y-cut LiNbO3 proton-exchanged channel waveguides operating at 632.8 nm. Tunability of the waveguide ordinary and extraordinary indices through thermal annealing provides an alternative way to reduce the drive voltage. An extinction ratio of 13.5 dB is achieved with 10 V applied voltage on a switch with 4 μm channel width and 3 mm electrode length. The measured capacitance of the electrode is 4.2 pF, which gives a theoretical modulation bandwidth of 1.5 GHz in a 50 Ω lumped electrode structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101546
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poled electro-optic photolime gel polymer doped with chlorophenol red and bromomethyl blue chromophores (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2631-2633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electro-optic polymer with chlorophenol red dye and type-A photolime gel was demonstrated. The electro-optic coefficient γ33 in the direction of the poling field was measured to be 28 pm/V. Chlorophenol red in polymer showed a 1/e relaxation time constant of 820 h, which is more stable than other dye demonstrated previously to be electro-optic in the same polymer. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    45-cm long compression-molded polymer-based optical bus (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1032-1034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the formation of an optical bus using compression-molding technique. The linear dimension of such a waveguide is well beyond that of a microlithographically defined waveguide. Theoretical calculation based on the effective index method was used to determine the optimal dimension of the molding tool design for single- and multimode waveguides. A molded photolime gel-based polymer optical bus with a linear dimension of 45 cm was fabricated and then tested at 0.6328-μm wavelength. Waveguide propagation loss from 0.5 to 2 dB/cm was determined using the two prism method. As a result of this long interconnection distance, board-to-board optical interconnects through backplane can be realized using the technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109825
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