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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gut Microbiota and Pathogenesis of Organ Injury (2020)
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Details
    Keywords: Medical microbiology. ; Human physiology. ; Medicine Research. ; Biology Research. ; Medical Microbiology. ; Human Physiology. ; Biomedical Research.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Gut microbiota and alimentary tract injury -- Gut microbiota and liver injury - Acute liver injury -- Gut microbiota and liver injury - Chronic liver injury -- Gut microbiota and lung injury -- Gut microbiota and brain injury -- Gut microbiota and renal injury -- Gut microbiota and heart, vascular injury -- Gut microbiota and endocrine disorders -- Gut microbiota and immune responses -- Gut microbiota and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
    Abstract: This book aims to introduce the latest research in gut microbiota by systematically summarizing how it modulates the pathogenesis of organ injury including alimentary tract injury, liver injury, lung injury, brain injury, renal injury, heart and vascular injury, endocrine disorders, immune responses and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during sepsis. Gut microbiota which is recognized as a new “organ” in the body has been demonstrated to be able to regulate the homeostasis of many organs. The key role played by gut microbiota is the hotspot in biomedical research nowadays. This book provides a state-of-the-art report on recent discoveries regarding the novel insight into the mechanisms of human diseases progression. It will also offer the overall picture of the pathophysiologic roles of gut microbiota. This book is helpful for graduate students and professional researchers to get the knowledge of frontiers in both gut microbiota and organ injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: IX, 202 p. 18 illus., 17 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9789811523854
    Series Statement: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1238
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2385-4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2385-4
    DDC: 616.9041
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of spiral tip motion in cardiac tissues (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 8 (1998), S. 137-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In support of the spiral wave theory of reentry, simulation studies and animal models have been utilized to show various patterns of spiral wave tip motion such as meandering and drifting. However, the demonstration of these or any other patterns in cardiac tissues have been limited. Whether such patterns of spiral tip motion are commonly observed in fibrillating cardiac tissues is unknown, and whether such patterns form the basis of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation remain debatable. Using a computerized dynamic activation display, 108 episodes of atrial and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in isolated and intact canine cardiac tissues, as well as in vitro swine and myopathic human cardiac tissues, were analyzed for patterns of nonstationary, spiral wave tip motion. Among them, 46 episodes were from normal animal myocardium without pharmacological perturbations, 50 samples were from normal animal myocardium, either treated with drugs or had chemical ablation of the subendocardium, and 12 samples were from diseased human hearts. Among the total episodes, 11 of them had obvious nonstationary spiral tip motion with a life span of 〉2 cycles and with consecutive reentrant paths distinct from each other. Four patterns were observed: (1) meandering with an inward petal flower in 2; (2) meandering with outward petals in 5; (3) irregularly concentric in 3 (core moving about a common center); and (4) drift in 1 (linear core movement). The life span of a single nonstationary spiral wave lasted no more than 7 complete cycles with a mean of 4.6±4.3, and a median of 4.5 cycles in our samples. Conclusion: (1) Patently evident nonstationary spiral waves with long life spans were uncommon in our sample of mostly normal cardiac tissues, thus making a single meandering spiral wave an unlikely major mechanism of fibrillation in normal ventricular myocardium. (2) A tendency toward four patterns of nonstationary spiral tip motion was observed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166294
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computerized mapping of fibrillation in normal ventricular myocardium (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 8 (1998), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well known that the ability to fibrillate is intrinsic to a normal ventricle that exceeds a critical mass. The questions we address are how is ventricular fibrillation (VF) initiated and perpetuated in normal myocardium, and why is VF not seen more often in the general population if all ventricles have the ability to fibrillate. To study the mechanisms of VF, we used computerized mapping techniques with up to 512 channels of simultaneous multisite recordings for data acquisition. The data were then processed for dynamic display of the activation patterns and for mathematical analyses of the activation intervals. The results show that in normal ventricles, VF can be initiated by a single strong premature stimulus given during the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. The initial activations form a figure-eight pattern. Afterward, VF will perpetuate itself without any outside help. The self-perpetuation itself is due to at least two factors. One is that single wave fronts spontaneously break up into two or more wavelets. The second is that when two wavelets intersect perpendicular to each other, the second wavelet is broken by the residual refractoriness left over from the first wavelet. Mathematical analyses of the patterns of activation during VF revealed that VF is a form of chaos, and that transition from ventricular tachycardia (VT) to VF occurs via the quasiperiodic route. In separate experiments, we found that we can convert VF to VT by tissue size reduction. The physiological mechanism associated with the latter transition appears to be the reduction of the number of reentrant wave fronts and wandering wavelets. Based on these findings, we propose that the reentrant wave fronts and the wandering wavelets serve as the physiological equivalent of coupled oscillators. A minimal number of oscillators is needed for VF to perpetuate itself, and to generate chaotic dynamics; hence a critical mass is required to perpetuate VF. We conclude that VF in normal myocardium is a form of reentrant cardiac arrhythmia. A strong electrical stimulus initiates single or dual reentrant wave fronts that break up into multiple wavelets. Sometimes short-lived reentry is also generated during the course of VF. These organized reentrant and broken wavelets serve as coupled oscillators that perpetuate VF and maintain chaos. Although the ability to support these oscillators exists in a normal ventricle, the triggers required to generate them are nonexistent in the normal heart. Therefore, VF and sudden death do not happen to most people with normal ventricular myocardium. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166293
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defects in Ge+-preamorphized silicon (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5399-5406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work studied the morphology and annealing behaviors of extended defects in Si subjected to various Ge+ preamorphization and BF2+ implantation conditions. The extended defects formed were near the specimen surface when Ge+ implantation energy and dose amount were low. During subsequent annealing, the end-of-range (EOR) loops were enlarged and then moved out of the specimen. High energy/low dose Ge+ implantation generated a damaged layer which initially transformed into a wide zone containing dislocation loops and rodlike defects in the annealed specimen. As the annealing proceeded, the width of defective zone gradually shrunk so that most of the extended defects could be annihilated by defect rejection/recombination process. In addition to the category II defects found in previous investigations, hairpin dislocations emerged in high energy/high dose Ge+-implanted specimens. In this specimen, rodlike defects and hairpin dislocations could be removed by annealing, while the EOR loops became relatively inert so that their removal would require high temperatures and/or long annealing times. Microwave plasma surface treatment was also carried out to form a nitride layer on specimen surface. Experimental results indicate that in addition to effectively reducing the size of EOR loops, surface nitridation might serve as a vacancy source injecting vacancies into Si to annihilate the interstitials bounded by dislocation loops. Reduction in the defect size was pronounced when bias voltage was added to the plasma process. However, radiation damage might occur with too high of a bias voltage. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371537
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of end-of-range defects in Ge+-pre-amorphized Si by carbon ion implantation (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 3114-3119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon ion implantation was employed to annihilate the end-of-range (EOR) defects in Ge+-pre-amorphized Si. Experimental results showed that the efficiency of EOR defect removal depends on the Ge+-pre-amorphization conditions, the location of projected range (Rp) of carbon implant and subsequent annealing conditions. The best defect removal occurred when Rp of carbon implantation was brought close to the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interface generated by Ge+-pre-amorphization. The higher the annealing temperature, the better the interstitial gettering efficiency of carbon atoms was observed. However, transmission electron microscopy investigation revealed the emergence of hairpin dislocations when dose and accelerating voltage of Ge+ implantation were high. In specimens without carbon implantation, the hairpin dislocations could be readily removed by a 900 °C, 30 min anneal. For carbon-implanted specimens, the density of hairpin dislocations increased when Rp of carbon implantation was close to the (a/c) interface. The glide motion of hairpin dislocations was affected by Ge+-pre-amorphization conditions and was inhibited by the SiC complexes formed in the vicinity of dislocations so that they became rather difficult to anneal out of the specimens. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369694
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubble formation due to electrical stress in organic light emitting devices (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The degradation in electroluminescence of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)-based organic light-emitting devices is studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. "Bubbles" are formed at the polymer and indium tin oxide interface or in the polymer layer within the nonemissive area. This formation, which occurs during device electrical stress, is accompanied by a fluctuation of the device current. The bubbles are formed by the degraded polymer and/or the gas released from disintegration of the polymer. High local current density flowing near the dark spot center and the resultant heating, decomposes the polymer layer. The resultant carbonized area causes either local short circuit and/or open circuit leading to the final light-emitting device failure. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435064
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence degradation in organic light-emitting devices (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polymer degradation under electrical stress was studied using the device structure indium tin oxide/poly(p-phenylene vinylene)/Ca/Ag. The devices that were used in this study do not show any significant decrease in electroluminescent intensity for up to several thousand hours of operation. However for devices that were electrically stressed and then exposed to normal ambient, there was a significant decrease in the photoluminescence. Those that were not electrically stressed but exposed to normal ambient or were electrically stressed but not exposed to normal ambient, there was no significant degradation in the photoluminescence. These results showed that both conditions of electrical stress and photo-oxidation are necessary for a significant decrease of the photoluminescence intensity. Degradation is accompanied by an increase in the x-ray crystallization peak. We interpret that the photoluminescence intensity degradation is due to the change in polymer crystallinity caused by electrical stress followed by photo-oxidation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1446209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Evidence for Autowaves in the Heart (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 591 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb15090.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the quality of coke by the use of volatile matter-caking index diagrams (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 24 (1985), S. 452-456 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i300019a024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The MLH1 D132H variant is associated with susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 694-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Most susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) is not accounted for by known risk factors. Because MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 mutations underlie high-penetrance CRC susceptibility in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), we hypothesized that attenuated alleles might also underlie susceptibility to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1374
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