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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monte Carlo study of critical behavior in the three-dimensional classical Heisenberg ferromagnet : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5488-5490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The static critical properties of classical, isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets have been studied numerically. Using an improved cluster algorithm we performed extensive Monte Carlo simulations on L×L×L simple cubic and body-centered cubic systems with L≤40 over a temperature range covering the critical region. Temperature dependences of thermodynamic quantities were determined with an optimized multiple-histogram method, and both critical temperatures and critical exponents were extracted from finite-size scaling of several different thermodynamic quantities. It was found that within their respective error bars the critical exponents for both ferromagnets agree with each other and with field theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353675
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin dynamics in the diluted three-dimensional classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5645-5647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using spin dynamics simulations we have studied magnetic excitations in the randomly site-diluted, body-centered cubic, classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet at a low temperature. With site configurations and initial spin configurations generated by Monte Carlo simulations, equations of motion for spins in 40×40×40 systems with periodic boundary conditions and only nearest-neighbor interactions were integrated using a fourth-order predictor-corrector method. Neutron-scattering functions were then determined from the space-time Fourier transform of averaged spin-spin correlation functions convoluted with a resolution function. We found that at occupation fraction of magnetic ion p=1 only spin-wave excitations exist, while at p=0.245 (percolation threshold) only fracton excitations are present. In the intermediate region spin-wave excitations at long length scales cross over to fracton excitations at short length scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353626
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of shallow p+-n junction using boron-doped Si1−xGex layer deposited by ultrahigh vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5133-5137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Strained boron-doped Si1−xGex layers with different Ge mole fractions were selectively deposited by ultrahigh vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy to form shallow p+-n junction suitable for raised source/drain metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor applications. Detailed electrical characterizations were performed. Our results show that the reverse leakage current could be optimized by a rapid thermal annealing at 950 °C for 20 s, and a near perfect forward ideality factor (i.e., 〈1.01) is obtained for the p+-n Si1−xGex/Si junction. By analyzing the periphery and area leakage current components of p+-n Si1−xGex/Si junctions with various perimeter lengths and areas, the degree of misfit dislocations and undercut effect were studied. The specific contact resistance was found to decrease as Ge mole fraction increases. Junction depth measurements also show that the junction depth decreases monotonically with increasing Ge mole fraction. The reduced B diffusion constant is attributed to the increasing Ge gradient in the transition region. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on Ge/Si ratio, silicidation, and strain relaxation of high temperature sputtered Co/Si1−xGex structures (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 1831-1837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: As the transistors continue to scale down, the characteristics of high-temperature-sputtered Co/Si1−xGex junction have received lots of attention because of its potential applications to heterojunction bipolar transistors. In this study, we have fabricated Co/Si1−xGex junction using room-temperature and high-temperature (i.e., at 450 °C) sputtered Co on top of strained Si0.86Ge0.14 and Si0.91Ge0.09 layers prepared by ultrahigh vacuum chemical molecular epitaxy. The relative composition of Ge in Ge-rich Si1−zGez precipitate and the solid solution of ternary phase silicide of Co–Si–Ge system were compared between room-temperature and high-temperature sputtered samples. We found that the high-temperature-sputtered samples are more effective in inhibiting lattice relaxation, which would be beneficial for manufacturing metal silicide/Si1−xGex structure devices. Mechanisms were proposed to explain the large difference between the room-temperature and high-temperature sputtered samples. It is believed that the mixed Co–Si–Ge solution on high-temperature-sputtered samples is responsible for the different silicidation behaviors. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1305832
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin dynamics study of the critical dynamics of the anisotropic three-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4399-4399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using Monte Carlo and spin-dynamics techniques,1 we studied the dynamic behavior of the body-centered-cubic classical Heisenberg antiferromagnet with single site anisotropy at the critical temperature. In order that we may directly compare our results to experiment, we performed the simulation with the anisotropy term set to match the degree of anisotropy found23 in both FeF2 (strong anisotropy) and MnF2 (weak anisotropy). Through the determination and analysis of the form of the neutron scattering function S(q,ω) at Tc we have studied the critical dynamics. We have compared our results to simulations1 for the isotropic case, and to experimental results23 and theory45 for the anisotropic case. We have found, in agreement with theory, an intense purely diffusive longitudinal component and a suppressed propogative transverse component. We were able to determine the transverse relaxation rate, Γ⊥, at the limit q→0 since at this limit Γ⊥→ωm, the characteristic frequency, which can be measured by the simulation.1 Γ⊥ was found to be noncritical in agreement with theory and experiment. We were able to make a quantitative comparison to experimental results of Γ⊥(0) for both FeF2 and MnF2. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of Incorporated Prebiotics as Coating Materials for Probiotic Microencapsulation (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 70 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The purpose of this research was to improve probiotic microencapsulation using prebiotics and modern optimization techniques to determine optimal processing conditions, performance, and survival rates. Prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides or isomaltooligosaccharides), growth promoter (peptide), and sodium algi-nate were incorporated as coating materials to microencapsulate 4 probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacto-bacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum). The proportion of the prebiotics, peptide, and sodium alginate was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to 1st construct a surface model, with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) subsequently adopted to optimize the model and evaluate the survival of microencapsulated probiotics under simulated gastric fluid test. Optimization results indicated that 1% sodium alginate mixed with 1% peptide and 3% fructooligosaccharides as coating materials would produce the highest survival in terms of probiotic count. The verification experiment yielded a result close to the predicted values, with no significant difference (P 〉 0.05). The storage results also demonstrated that addition of prebiotics in the walls of probiotic microcapsules provided improved protection for the active organisms. These probiotic counts remained at 106 to 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/g for microcapsules stored for 1 mo and then treated in simulated gastric fluid test and bile salt test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb09981.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-aided analysis of a linearly tapered coat-hanger die (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1517-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We describe the computer-aided engineering analysis of a linearly tapered coat-hanger die in this paper. The general governing equation for flow distribution inside the die was derived first. On the basis of this equation, we have developed the design formula for a die to deliver uniform flow. In addition, we have also examined the variations of lateral flow uniformities and residence time distributions of polymeric liquids under several different design and operating conditions: (1) using manifolds with non-circular cross-sections, (2) adjusting production widths, (3) delivering fluids with different viscosities, and (4) enlarging manifolds for practical production considerations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760282302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of use of reach-back characteristics method for 2D dispersion equation (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 841-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Two dimension ; Dispersion ; Characteristics method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The use of the Holly-Preissmann two-point scheme has been very popular for the calculation of the dispersion equation. The key to this scheme is to use the characteristics method incorporating the Hermite cubic interpolation technique to approximate the trajectory foot of the characteristics. This method can avoid the excessive numerical damping and oscillation associated with most finite difference schemes for advection computation. On the basis of the fundamental idea of the Holly-Preissmann two-point scheme, a new technique is introduced herein for the computation of the two-dimensional dispersion equation. This new scheme allows the characteristics projecting back several time steps to fall on the spatial or temporal axis, while the characteristics foot is still solved by the Holly-Preissmann two-point method. The diffusion portion of the dispersion equation is solved by the commonly used Crank-Nicholson method. The calculation for these two processes consisting of advection and diffusion is carried out separately but consecutively in one time step, a method known as the split operator algorithm. A hypothetical model was constructed to demonstrate the applicability of this new technique for the calculation of the pure advection and dispersion equation in two dimensions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650130703
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An accurate computation for rapidly varied flow in an open channel (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 14 (1992), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Rapidly varied flow ; Open channel ; Numerical simulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new method combining the Preissmann four-point scheme and the Holly-Preissmann reach-back scheme is introduced to solve the rapidly varied flow problem in an open channel. The Preissmann four-point scheme is well known for the computation of one-dimensional unsteady flow. The Holly-Preissmann reach-back scheme integrates the Holly-Preissmann two-point scheme with the concept of reach-back characteristics, which allows the characteristics to project several time steps beyond the current time level. A spontaneous surge formation case is used to demonstrate and evaluate the applicability of the new method. It has been found that the results from this method are quite compatible with those of Preissmann four-point scheme. In addition, with the appropriate choice of the number of reach-back time steps, this new method can always avoid the numerical oscillation which usually exists when one uses the Preissmann four-point scheme for the condition of Courant number not close to unity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid method for detection of N-acetylglucosaminidase-type chitinase activity in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels using 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide as substrate (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 15 (1994), S. 662-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the detection of N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) activity has been developed by using 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide (4-MU-GlcNAc) as substrate in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels. Visualization of the reaction with a 366 nm ultra-violet light is possible in approximately 30 min. The method is fast and sensitive in comparison with previous methods. The same band as in SDS-PAGE, showing both GlcNAcase and chitinase activity, was found in the present study; we therefore conclude that this method is also useful in a GlcNAcase-type chitinase assay.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150150193
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