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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 5034-5046 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed Monte Carlo simulations in order to study the ordered structures formed by CO on Pt{111} at high coverage. The results are compared with LEED and infrared (IR) spectra. The calculations are based on a recently constructed potential energy surface for CO on Pt{111} and a CO–CO interaction potential deduced from the variation of the CO binding energy with coverage. Ordered adsorbate structures are obtained at θ=0.5, 0.6, 0.67, and 0.71 in the simulations. The so-called compression structures (θ〉0.5) are stabilized by the energy lowering which results when CO molecules at the high density domain walls move away from the on-top sites because of the unbalanced repulsive CO–CO interactions. If this relaxation channel is blocked, disordered adsorbate structures occur. We present the resulting (θ, T) phase diagram and discuss its qualitative properties. The LEED data show ordered structures at θ=0.5, 0.6, and 0.71, but, in contrast to previous results, or perhaps to the interpretation thereof, not at θ=0.67. The IR data show that the compression structures still consist of CO molecules adsorbed on distinct surface sites. Finally, we discuss the changes in adsorbate structures which would result from variations in the CO–substrate potential energy surface and, in the light of these results, briefly look at the Cu{111}–CO, Ni{111}–CO, and Pd{111}–CO chemisorption systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 8592-8599 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of the surface carbonate species adsorbed on Ag{110} has been studied with angle-resolved photoemission using synchrotron radiation. Despite the low symmetry of the surface complex (Cs) and more than one azimuthal orientation of the vertical symmetry plane, it has been possible to assign the adsorbate-induced levels. Recent semiempirical quantum chemical calculations have proved to be of considerable assistance in this process. The resonant behavior observed for the 3a‘ level is discussed in the context of photoelectron data for the free BF3 molecule, which is isoelectronic with CO2−3. The Cs symmetry pertaining in the present experiment is compared with the effective D3h symmetry observed in x-ray-absorption spectroscopy of the same system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 5299-5305 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have measured photoionization cross sections and photoelectron asymmetry parameters for each of the core levels of N2O. We have also carried out frozen- and relaxed-core Hartree–Fock studies of these cross sections so as to better understand the underlying shape resonant structure and the role of electronic relaxation in these processes. A broad shape resonance is observed in each of the core-hole cross sections at 10-20 eV kinetic energy and there is some evidence of a second shape resonance near the thresholds, an energy region which is not accessible experimentally. The cross sections also exhibit site-specific behavior with maxima at widely separated photoelectron kinetic energies. These differences probably arise from the fact that photoelectron matrix elements for different core orbitals probe different regions of the shape resonant orbital which extends over the entire molecule. Although the higher energy shape resonances appear quite similar, Hartree–Fock studies show that the central nitrogen resonance is more sensitive to effects of electronic relaxation than the terminal nitrogen or oxygen resonances. Large differences are also seen between the photoelectron asymmetry parameters for the central and terminal atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 3930-3938 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photochemistry of chemisorbed CH3Br on Pt{111} has been investigated using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and thermal desorption. The primary photon-induced reaction involves the cleavage of the C–Br bond, giving rise to chemisorbed CH3 and Br, both of which can be identified in HREELS. From the angular dependence of the loss peaks, the symmetry of the CH3 surface complex is shown to be C3v. HBr can also be identified in subsequent thermal desorption. Experiments performed directly with HBr on Pt{111} indicate that molecular HBr adsorbs dissociatively on this surface. This result, in combination with observations of the C–H vibrational mode as a function of temperature, shows that the production of HBr arises from a secondary surface reaction between Br and CHx fragments. Based on the wavelength dependence of the fragmentation cross section and the photoemission spectrum of adsorbed CH3Br the primary photon-induced reaction to a charge transfer excitation is ascribed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5459-5463 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A laboratory-scale arc furnace encompassing a nonconsumable electrode and a cold hearth and operating at inert gas pressures of up to 20 bar is described. Using this equipment, weight losses due to volatilization when melting high vapor pressure metallic materials have been reduced to about 20% of those encountered with a conventional arc furnace operating at 1 bar. The arc furnace has been designed to be evacuable to high vacuum levels, as well as attaining high pressures, so that specimen purity can be retained by thoroughly evacuating and degassing the system prior to admitting inert gas and melting. Increases in gas pressure have been found to have a pronounced effect on the stability of the arc, especially at low arc currents, and to achieve minimum volatilization losses a balance is required between pressure and arc current for a particular sample.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Absolute inner-shell photoabsorption cross-section measurements were obtained from a variety of simple gas-phase molecules containing low Z elements (C, N, O, F), independent of the effects of stray light, high-order light, and photoabsorption from the various optical elements. The experimental apparatus consists of (1) a compact high-order light suppressor based on the photon energy dependence of the grazing angle reflectivity of various materials which provides an adjustable cut-off energy, and (2) a gas-phase absorption cell which monitors the photon flux before and after the gas cell to yield measurements independent of the absorptions of various optical elements, response functions of the photon detectors used, and variations of the photon flux during the scans. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Restoration ecology 2 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Restoration ecology 1 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A 2-year field experiment assessed the effectiveness of fertilizer, surface applied and injected liquid digested sewage sludge in increasing yields from reclaimed but regressing pasture on colliery spoil. At the first harvest, surface applications of sewage sludge gave the largest yields, although only a third of total fertilizer nitrogen (N) had been applied at this stage of the experiment. The greatest yields in the first year were given by fertilizer treatments which included the highest level of applied N, and large surface applications of sludge.Surface applications of sludge on plots that were ripped gave the largest residual yields in the second year of the experiment. The percentage cover of clover was inversely related to the amount of nitrogen applied. A study of plant roots indicated that soil injection supplies sludge at too great a depth to benefit grass.Taken overall the results confirm that the regression of pastures established on reclaimed colliery spoil is primarily caused by lack of nitrogen and phosphorus. But the effect of compaction in decreasing root growth, and therefore the ability of the grass to take up nutrients, is also apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 17 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A technique is described for the assessment of white clover populations implanted as rooted cuttings into an upland Festuca/Agrostis sward.Five natural populations of white clover, taken from widely different soils and habitat conditions, were tested by this technique on an acid soil, low in calcium and phosphate and just outside the natural limits of clover distribution.Throughout the experiment, populations from acid upland soils showed a superior performance and a lower percentage mortality than did populations from lowland calcareous soils and from medium-fertility soil at a very high altitude.After two years, plants of the acidic populations alone remained alive, and of these only 19–25% of the number originally planted.The order of performance in the natural sward was an almost complete reversal of the order of performance as spaced plants on a high-fertility lowland soil.The results indicate that the differential response to soil fertility factors, previously shown to exist between natural populations of white clover by soil- and sand-culture techniques and by field fertilizer trials of spaced plants, became even more marked when the plants were subject to competition from native species.The possibility of breeding white clover varieties adapted to acid upland conditions is discussed, particularly in relation to compatibility with native species.
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