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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    A systems analysis of the global boreal forest (1992)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge University Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 630-92-0506 ; AWI G3-98-0148
    Description / Table of Contents: The boreal forests of the world, occupying some 15 million square kilometers over North America and Eurasia, are a major source of softwood timber and are expected to play a significant role in the response of vegetation to global climate change. This book, developed by an international panel of ecologists, provides a synthesis of the important patterns and processes that occur in boreal forests and reviews the principal mechanisms that control the forest's pattern in space and time. The effects of low temperatures, soil ice, insects, plant competition, wild-fires and climatic change on boreal forests are discussed as a basis for the development of the first global scale computer model of the dynamical change of a biome, able to project the change of the boreal forest over timescales of decades to millennia, and over the global extent of this forest.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 565 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0521405467
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: List of contributors. - 1 Introduction / Herman H. Shugart, Rik Leemans and Gordon B. Bonan. - Part 1 Processes in boreal forests. - 2 Silvics of the circumpolar boreal forest tree species / Nedialko Nikolov and Harry Helmisaari. - 3 The reproductive process in boreal forest trees / John C. Zasada, Terry L. Sharik and Markku Nygren. - 4 Soil temperature as an ecological factor in boreal forests / Gordon B. Bonan. - 5 Fire as a controlling process in the North American boreal forest / Serge Payette. - 6 The role of forest insects in structuring the boreal landscape / C. S. Holling. - Part 2 Patterns in space and time in boreal forests. - 7 The transition between boreal forest and tundra / Luc Sirois. - 8 The southern boreal-northern hardwood forest border / John Pastor and David J. Mladenoff. - 9 Transitions between boreal forest and wetland / F. Z. Glebov and M. D. Korzukhin. - 10 Remote sensing technology for forest ecosystem analysis / K. Jon Ranson and Darrel L. Williams. - 11 The nature and distribution of past, present and future boreal forests: lessons for a research and modeling agenda / Allen M. Solomon. - Part 3 Computer models for synthesis of pattern and process in the boreal forest. - 12 Individual-tree-based models of forest dynamics and their application in global change research / Herman H. Shugart and I. Colin Prentice. - 13 Population-level models of forest dynamics / M. D.Korzukhin and M. Ya. Antonovski. - 14 A spatial model of long-term forest fire dynamics and its applications to forests in western Siberia / M. Ya. Antonovski, M. T. Ter-Mikaelian and V. V. Furyaev. - 15 A simulation analysis of environmental factors and ecological processes in North American boreal forests / Gordon B. Bonan. - 16 The biological component of the simulation model for boreal forest dynamics / Rik Leemans. - 17 Role of stand simulation in modeling forest response to environmental change and management interventions / Peter Duinker, Ola Salinäs and Sten Nilsson. - 18 Concluding comments / Herman H. Shugart, Rik Leemans and Gordon B. Bonan. - References. - Index.
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Ecological climatology : concepts and applications (2008)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: IASS 12.0152
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 550 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9780521693196
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dynamic global vegetation model for use with climate models: concepts and description of simulated vegetation dynamics (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Changes in vegetation structure and biogeography due to climate change feedback to alter climate by changing fluxes of energy, moisture, and momentum between land and atmosphere. While the current class of land process models used with climate models parameterizes these fluxes in detail, these models prescribe surface vegetation and leaf area from data sets. In this paper, we describe an approach in which ecological concepts from a global vegetation dynamics model are added to the land component of a climate model to grow plants interactively. The vegetation dynamics model is the Lund–Potsdam–Jena (LPJ) dynamic global vegetation model. The land model is the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Land Surface Model (LSM). Vegetation is defined in terms of plant functional types. Each plant functional type is represented by an individual plant with the average biomass, crown area, height, and stem diameter (trees only) of its population, by the number of individuals in the population, and by the fractional cover in the grid cell. Three time-scales (minutes, days, and years) govern the processes. Energy fluxes, the hydrologic cycle, and carbon assimilation, core processes in LSM, occur at a 20 min time step. Instantaneous net assimilated carbon is accumulated annually to update vegetation once a year. This is carried out with the addition of establishment, resource competition, growth, mortality, and fire parameterizations from LPJ. The leaf area index is updated daily based on prevailing environmental conditions, but the maximum value depends on the annual vegetation dynamics. The coupling approach is successful. The model simulates global biogeography, net primary production, and dynamics of tundra, boreal forest, northern hardwood forest, tropical rainforest, and savanna ecosystems, which are consistent with observations. This suggests that the model can be used with a climate model to study biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system related to vegetation dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00681.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental factors and ecological processes controlling vegetation patterns in boreal forests (1989)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 3 (1989), S. 111-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: boreal forest ; gap model ; forest dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An individual tree model of forest dynamics was used to examine the environmental and ecological factors controlling forest vegetation patterns in upland boreal forests of North America. Basic life history traits that characterized the regeneration, growth, and death of individual trees were combined with species-specific responses to important environmental factors. This model simulated forest structure and vegetation patterns in conifer, hardwood, and mixed conifer-hardwood forests and woodlands in several bioclimatic sub-regions of the North American boreal forest zone. Model testing identified the processes and parameters required to understand the ecology of upland boreal forests and weaknesses in our current understanding of these processes. These factors included climate, solar radiation, soil moisture, soil temperature and permafrost, the forest floor organic layer, nutrient availability, forest fires, and insect outbreaks. Model testing also identified which of these factors were important in each bioclimatic sub-region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00131174
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of boreal forest vegetation on global climate (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 359 (1992), S. 716-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The global climate model15 combines atmospheric general circulation with transfer of energy, moisture and momentum between the atmosphere and oceans and land surfaces. The atmospheric general circulation model is derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359716a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A subgrid parameterization of infiltration and surface runoff was evaluated using a land surface model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Averaged over 5 year simulations, the subgrid parameterization resulted in significantly less infiltration of water into the soil compared to a simulation without subgrid hydrologic processes. As a result, the soils were drier, latent heat flux decreased, and surface air temperature increased. These results are consistent with other studies of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations, which also resulted in drier soils, decreased latent heat flux, and warmer surface temperatures. Several river basins were studied in detail. In the Amazon and Lena basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in better annual runoff compared to observed annual river flow; surface air temperature was unchanged in the Amazon and better, compared to observations, in the Lena. In the Ob, Yenisey, and Amur basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in too much annual runoff; July surface air temperature was unchanged or worse (Amur). Annual runoff for the Mississippi basin was better with the subgrid parameterization, but July surface air temperature was worse. These results suggest the utility of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations vary among river basins depending on the relative importance of Horton and Dunne runoff and the geologic factors affecting runoff generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003820050108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of a GCM simulation to subgrid infiltration and surface runoff (1996)
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 12 (1996), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A subgrid parameterization of infiltration and surface runoff was evaluated using a land surface model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model. Averaged over 5 year simulations, the subgrid parameterization resulted in significantly less infiltration of water into the soil compared to a simulation without subgrid hydrologic processes. As a result, the soils were drier, latent heat flux decreased, and surface air temperature increased. These results are consistent with other studies of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations, which also resulted in drier soils, decreased latent heat flux, and warmer surface temperatures. Several river basins were studied in detail. In the Amazon and Lena basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in better annual runoff compared to observed annual river flow; surface air temperature was unchanged in the Amazon and better, compared to observations, in the Lena. In the Ob, Yenisey, and Amur basins, the subgrid parameterization resulted in too much annual runoff; July surface air temperature was unchanged or worse (Amur). Annual runoff for the Mississippi basin was better with the subgrid parameterization, but July surface air temperature was worse. These results suggest the utility of subgrid hydrologic parameterizations vary among river basins depending on the relative importance of Horton and Dunne runoff and the geologic factors affecting runoff generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do biophysics and physiology matter in ecosystem models? (1993)
    Springer
    Climatic change 24 (1993), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091851
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Land Use on the Climate of the United States (1997)
    Springer
    Climatic change 37 (1997), S. 449-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Land use practices have replaced much of the natural needleleaf evergreen, broadleaf deciduous, and mixed forests of the Eastern United States with crops. To a lesser extent, the natural grasslands in the Central United States have also been replaced with crops. Simulations with a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model show that the climate of the United States with modern vegetation is significantly different from that with natural vegetation. Three important climate signals caused by modern vegetation are: (1) 1 °C cooling over the Eastern United States and 1 °C warming over the Western United States in spring; (2) summer cooling of up to 2 °C over a wide region of the Central United States; and (3) moistening of the near-surface atmosphere by 0.5 to 1.5 g kg-1over much of the United States in spring and summer. Although individual months show large, statistically significant differences in precipitation due to land-use practices, these differences average out over the course of the 3-month seasons. These changes in surface temperature and moisture extend well into the atmosphere, up to 500 mb, and affect the boundary layer and atmospheric circulation. The altered climate is due to reduced surface roughness, reduced leaf and stem area index, reduced stomatal resistance, and increased surface albedo with modern vegetation compared to natural vegetation. The climate change caused by land use practices is comparable to other well known anthropogenic climate forcings. For example, it would take 100 to 175 years at the current, observed rate of summer warming over the United States to offset the cooling from deforestation. The summer sulfate aerosol forcing completely offsets the greenhouse forcing over the Eastern United States. Similarly, the climatic effect of North American deforestation, with extensive summer cooling, further offsets the greenhouse forcing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005305708775
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of moss and tree dynamics in the boreal forests of interior Alaska (1989)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 84 (1989), S. 31-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Feathermoss ; Gap model ; Picea mariana ; Sphagnum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used a simulation model of forest dynamics to examine the ecological significance of the complex interactions among site conditions, tree growth, and the development of a thick forest floor moss layer found in many boreal forests. To examine the effect of site conditions on moss growth and forest dynamics, we simulated the dynamics of several different forest sites in the uplands of interior Alaska. Then we used a cold, wet permafrost site to examine the ecological consequences of direct moss and tree interactions. Our analyses revealed a tightly coupled system in which forest succession was highly sensitive to the interactions among site conditions, mosses, and trees. The effect of mosses on the soil thermal regime was a particularly important feedback. Direct interactions between mosses and trees that affected the development of a thick forest floor layer were also important. In particular, shading of moss by trees, reduced tree regeneration on moss-covered soils, and reduced moss growth with open forest canopies were also important determinants of forest succession. These complex feedbacks ensure that an ecosystem approach is needed to understand the ecology of boreal forests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054663
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