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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of reduced and oxidized N-acetylcysteine (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: N-acetylcysteine ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been determined after its intravenous and oral administration to 6 healthy volunteers. According to a randomized cross-over design each subject received NAC 200 mg i.v. and 400 mg p.o., and blood samples were collected for 30 h. Reduced NAC had a volume of distribution (VSS) of 0.59 l·kg−1 and a plasma clearance of 0.84 l·h−1·kg−1. The terminal half-life after intravenous administration was 1.95 h. The oral bioavailability was 4.0%. Based on total NAC concentration, its volume of distribution (VSS) was 0.47 l·kg−1 and its plasma clearance was 0.11 l·h−1·kg−1. The terminal half-life was 5.58 h after intravenous administration and 6.25 h after oral administration. Oral bioavailability of total NAC was 9.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061422
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of streptomycin in Ethiopian children with tuberculosis and of different nutritional status (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1988), S. 647-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: streptomycin ; tuberculosis ; malnutrition ; pharmacokinetics ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty-six malnourished Ethiopian children with tuberculosis classified in four nutrional groups (normal, underweight, marasmus and kwashiorkor), were given streptomycin 20 or 30 mg·kg−1 i.m. The plasma concentration-time data revealed an increased apparent volume of distribution in children with kwashiorkor compared to normals. The total plasma clearance was low and did not differ between the nutrional groups. Thus, the half-life was prolonged only in kwashiorkor. The results could be explained by decreased protein binding in plasma and decreased renal clearance by glomerular filtration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542504
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excretion of noscapine in human breast milk (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 213-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: noscapine ; lactation ; excretion ; breast feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excretion of noscapine in human breast milk was studied in 8 lactating women given a single oral dose of 100 or 150 mg after a light breakfast. Serum and milk samples were collected for 24 h after drug intake. Although noscapine is a weak base, only a small amount was excreted in the milk. The median milk/serum ratio was 0.29, range 0.15–0.88. The noscapine dose received by a child during a 24 hour period, when the maternal dose is 50 mg t.i.d., was calculated to be 0.8 (0.4–1.9) µg/kg (median and range).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; kwashiorkor ; marasmus ; children ; nutritional status ; pharmacokinetics ; dosage recommendation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of theophylline in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status was studied. In 8 children of normal weight, the t1/2β (4.93 h) plasma clearance (1.22 ml/min/kg and Vd area (504 ml/kg) were similar to those of Swedish children of normal weight. In children with marasmus or kwashiorkor there was an increased volume of distribution. The increase in Vd was reflected in an increased biological half-life, in spite of a slight but not significant increase in clearance in both of these groups of children. The pharmacokinetic changes in clearance and volume of distribution found in malnutrition should counteract each other, so from a clinical point of view theophylline can be given to Ethiopian children according to the standard dosage recommendation, regardless of nutritional status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613932
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in Ethiopian children of differing nutritional status (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 819-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: chloramphenicol ; children ; pharmacokinetics ; oral dose ; absorption ; i.v. dose ; kwashiorkor ; marasmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of i.v. chloramphenicol succinate and oral chloramphenicol palmitate were studied in Ethiopian children with different nutritional states. In children with kwashiorkor the plasma clearance of chloramphenicol was significantly lower than in children of normal weight (4.16 ml/min/kg versus 7.53 ml/min/kg). In consequence the mean half-life was prolonged (3.76 h versus 2.85 h) and this led to somewhat higher plasma levels in the kwashiorkor children. The influence of the pathophysiological changes offset one another so that plasma concentrations within the therapeutic range were obtained in children with kwashiorkor given recommended standard i.v. doses. The absorption of chloramphenicol after oral administration in severely malnourished children was erratic, which suggests that this route should be avoided in such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607094
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in young children with asthma: Comparison of rectal enema and suppositories (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; asthma ; pharmacokinetics ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six children, aged 2 months – 4 years, received theophylline 5–6 mg/kg intravenously. Its disposition could be described by a two-compartment open model, the mean serum half life (t1/2 β) was 3.75 h, i. e., shorter than in adults, but there was a considerable interindividual variation (1.8–7.0 h, in one patient 13.3 h). Thirteen children (2 months – 4 years) received theophylline suppositories in a dose of 3.8–5.0 mg/kg, and ten (6 months – 4 years) in a dose of 8.4–14.5 mg/kg. Absorption was slow (mean half-time 43 min), incomplete and variable (biological availability 8–100%, mean 80%). Only four of the patients given the higher dose and none given the lower dose reached a therapeutic serum concentration (10–20 µg/ml). Nine children (6 months – 4 years) received rectal enemas of theophylline 4.1–9.2 mg/kg. Absorbtion was rapid (mean half-time 5.5 min) and biological availability averaged 100%. Six patients reached a serum concentration within the therapeutic range. Using the mean values of the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, rectal enemas providing a dose of theophylline of 6–8 mg/kg t. i. d. were computed to give serum concentrations between 8–20 µg/ml, without producing too high a level during the absorption phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased chloramphenicol clearance in malnourished Ethiopian children (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Malnutrition ; Chloramphenicol ; children ; pharmacokinetics ; kwashiorkor ; marasmus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol monosuccinate has been studied in thirty-four Ethiopian children of varying nutritional status. After a single intravenous dose corresponding to chloramphenicol 25 mg per kg bodyweight, the plasma clearance of chloramphenicol monosuccinate was decreased only in severely malnourished children with kwashiorkor. Seventeen % of the dose (range 0–51%) was recovered in urine as intact prodrug, indicating incomplete and variable bioavailability of chloramphenicol. Compared to underweight children, on average marasmic and kwashiorkor subjects exhibited a 2- and 3-fold increase, respectively, in the AUC of chloramphenicol. Elevated AUCs could be traced to reduced hepatic clearance of the drug. The unbound fraction both of chloramphenicol and its prodrug were slightly elevated in serum from kwashiorkor subjects. The possibility of using a single point measurement of plasma chloramphenicol as a guide to individualized dosage are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315503
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ampicillin: Comparison of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of three brands (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ampicillin ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; branded products ; proprietary preparations ; capsule formulation ; tablet formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of three different brands of ampicillin were studied in 10 volunteers. After intravenous administration ampicillin can be described adequately by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. The half-life during the α-phase was 9 min and the β-half-life was in the range 50–60 min, independent of the mode of administration. Absolute bioavailability was determined from the ratio of the areas under the serum concentration curves obtained after oral and intravenous administration of equal doses. Bioavailability was also estimated by analysis of variance. The results indicated absolute availability of the three products of 39–54%. One of the products, a capsule formulation, showed a significantly lower bioavailability than the others, which were tablet formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558335
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  • 9
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    Femtosecond X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Reversal of the Microstructural Effects of Plastic Deformation during Shock Release of Tantalum (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-30
    Description: Author(s): M. Sliwa, D. McGonegle, C. Wehrenberg, C. A. Bolme, P. G. Heighway, A. Higginbotham, A. Lazicki, H. J. Lee, B. Nagler, H. S. Park, R. E. Rudd, M. J. Suggit, D. Swift, F. Tavella, L. Zepeda-Ruiz, B. A. Remington, and J. S. Wark We have used femtosecond x-ray diffraction to study laser-shocked fiber-textured polycrystalline tantalum targets as the 37–253 GPa shock waves break out from the free surface. We extract the time and depth-dependent strain profiles within the Ta target as the rarefaction wave travels back into the ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 265502] Published Fri Jun 29, 2018
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of reduced and oxidized N-acetylcysteine (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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