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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1965-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1967-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1984-08-01
    Print ISSN: 1612-4758
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-4766
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966), S. 484-484 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 21 (1965), S. 451-451 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In tadpoles ofRana temporaria, the light threshold for the pigment dispersal of melanophores was determined. The darkening reaction of previously dark-adapted animals is not affected by removal of the lateral eyes and starts with illumination of about 0.01 lm/m2. This is about 2 log units below the threshold of the direct effect of light on tailfin-melanophores inXenopus tadpoles and about 2 log units above the light threshold of the steady discharge of the exposed diencephalon in adult frogs. The finding suggests that in tadpoles the pineal organ controls the function of melanophores.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 967-968 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three epiphysectomized adultRana esculenta became pale when transferred from a black to a white background. Histological examination of the midbrain showed that the pineal body was entirely destroyed and no regeneration had taken place.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The author compiled phenological data of 6Tortirx viridama-parasites from museum and private collections and diaries and constructed, on this base, phenology curves showing the appearances of the adults of each of these species. TheT. viridana parasites could, then, be classified according to the number of their annual generations. OnlyPhaeogenes invisor andGlypta bipunctoria are univoltine and synchronized withT. viridana. The other species are, at least optionally, plurivoltine and need, in this case, alternate hosts.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Forderung eines weitgehenden Schutzes von Nutzarthropoden (Räuber und Parasiten) vor Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln hat ethische und ökonomische Gründe. Sie ist im Pflanzenschutzgesetz verankert. Ein Initialtoxizitätstest (Glasplattentest) zur Beurteilung der Nebenwirkung von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln auf die in Waldökosystemen häufige SpinnenartCoelotes terrestris wird vorgestellt. Die Prüfung von 10 Insektiziden und Akariziden, 5 Fungiziden, 4 Herbiziden und 3 Wachstumsreglern ergab innerhalb der Insektizide und Akarizide große Unterschiede in der Wirkung aufC. terrestris. Für diese Art sind von den 10 auf ihre Initialtoxizität untersuchten Insektiziden/Akariziden nach dreitägiger Expositionszeit 5 unschädlich, 3 schwach schädigend und je 1 mittelstark und stark schädigend. Nach einer Expositionszeit von 6 Tagen auf den pestizidbehandelten Glasplatten sind nur noch 4 Mittel unschädlich, 2 schwach, 1 mittelstark und 3 stark schädigend. Alle 5 untersuchten Fungizide, die 4 Herbizide und 2 der 3 Wachstumsregulatoren zeigten bei beiden Expositionszeiten keine oder nur eine schwach schädigende Wirkung. Nur Prosevor 85 ist als mittelstark (dreitägige) oder stark (sechstägige Expositionszeit) schädigend zu beurteilen. Für das standardisierte Testverfahren wird eine sechstägige Expositionszeit für Testspinnen auf den begifteten Glasplatten empfohlen. FürCoccygomimus turionellae sind von den 10 Insektiziden/Akariziden 5 unschädlich und 5 stark schädigend. Von den Fungiziden erwiesen sich 4 als unschädlich und 1 als mittelstark unschädlich, während 1 schwach schädigend wirkt. Zwei von den 3 Wachstumsregulatoren erwiesen sich als unschädlich, während das 3. als stark schädigend zu beurteilen ist. Die beiden Tierarten, die sich in den jeweils untersuchten Stadien in Körpergröße und Gewicht recht ähnlich sind, zeigen bei einer Expositionszeit von jeweils 6 bzw. 8 Tagen mit wenigen Ausnahmen ähnliche Reaktionen auf die Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel. Die Ergebnisse und die Bedeutung der Nützlingsprüfung für den konventionellen und integrierten Pflanzenschutz werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The demand for a comprehensive protection of beneficial arthropods (parasites and predators) against pesticides has economical and ethical reasons. It is established in the plant protection law. An initial toxicity test on glassplates for the evaluation of side-effects pesticides have on the juveniles of the spider speciesCoelotes terrestris, living frequently in forest ecosystems, is presented. The test results with 22 pesticides are compared with those of an initial toxicity test made with the females of the hymenopteran speciesCoccygomimus turionellae. ForCoelotes terrestris five of the 10 investigated insecticides/acaricides are harmless after a time of three days on the treated glassplates, 3 are slightly harmful, 1 is moderately harmful and the last one is harmful. After a time of 6 days in the test cages only 4 of the 10 pesticides show a harmless action, 2 are slightly harmful, 1 is moderately harmful and 3 are harmful. All of the 5 fungicides, the 4 herbicides and 2 of the 3 growth regulators showed none or only a weak action. Only Prosevor 85 has to be named moderately harmful or harmful, depending on the time the juvenile spiders stayed in the test cages. For a normal test procedure with this spider species a test period of 6 days followed by a time of feeding control of 9 days is suggested. Five of the 10 insecticides/acaricides are harmless forCoccygomimus turionellae and the other 5 are harmful. Of the 5 fungicides four showed to be harmless and 1 moderately harmful. Three of the 4 examined herbicides are harmless too, whereas 1 acted moderately harmful. Two of the 3 growth regulators showed to be harmless, whereas the third one was harmful. The weight and size of the 2 test species in the investigated stadiums is nearly the same, so after a time of 6 or 8 days on the treated glassplates they show nearly the same reaction to the pesticides. The results and the significance of the tests with beneficial arthropods for the conventional and integrated plant protection are discussed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z,Z)-7,9-Dodecadienyl acetate ; pheromone ; sex attractant ; attraction inhibitors ; olfactory receptors ; Epinotia tedella ; Epinotia spp. ; Tortricidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate, a reported male attractant for several New World spp. ofEpinotia, was identified as the primary pheromone of femaleE. tedella (European spruce budmoth) through chemical analysis of pheromone gland washes, the electrophysiological study of male antennal receptor types, and field-trapping tests. The washes contained this compound at a level of approximately 0.4 ng per FE, along with a similar amount of the corresponding alcohol, (Z,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol. Each compound activated its own specialized type of male receptor cell. No traces of stereoisomers or monoenes were found in the washes. In field-trapping tests conducted in stands of Norway spruce in southern Germany, (Z,Z)-7,9-do-decadienyl acetate as a single chemical proved highly attractive to maleE. tedella over a range of lure doses. The corresponding alcohol or aldehyde did not show attractivity; rather, in binary combinations with the primary pheromone, these compounds, and also the (E,Z)-7,9 stereoisomeric acetate, reduced captures. A 10∶1 blend of (E)-9- and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetates, reported as anE. tedella male attractant, did not reveal significant captures. No otherEpinotia spp. besidesE. tedella responded to the various 7,9-do-decadienyl test baits during this study.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary 1. In 25 special publications, 95 parasites ofTortrix viridana L. are named. Additional records in the catalogues ofThompson andFulmek are of limited value. 2. In the single observation areas, 1–37 species were recorded. 3. Only 9 species are mentioned in, at least, 25 % of the publications. Frequency of occurrence is accompanied by wide distribution. 4. OnlyPhytodietus segmentator (attacking caterpillars),Itoplectis maculator, Phaeogenes invisor, Apechthis rufata andA. resinator (attacking pupae) parasitized, at least in single cases, more than 5 % of theT. viridana population. 5. Most of the importantT. viridana parasites are polyphagous, exceptPhaeogenes invisor which is narrowly attached to this host.
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