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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 35 (1996), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Empfehlungen zur Nährstoffzufuhr ; historische Entwicklung ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; historical development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The discovery of the preventive action of lemon juice against scorbut led to a first recommendation on dietary intake in 1753. During the tight economic situation of the following century and in face of the economic crisis after the World War I, several concepts of dietary recommendations developed, all of which primarily served to relieve starvation and hunger and to maintain the ability to work of males. Increasing knowledge of human requirements for essential nutrients led to a clear distinction between dietary standards and health policy recommendations. With their first set of Recommended Dietary Allowances in 1941, especially the American Food and Nutrition Board directed concepts towards the improvement and maintenance of health of all people. National and international work on dietary recommendations took place to an increased extent in the 1970s. In face of currently expanding demands on dietary recommendations at present new directives for the revision of the American Recommended Dietary Allowances are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Entdekkung der präventiven Wirkung von Zitronensaft gengen Skorbut führte 1753 zu einer ersten Empfehlung zur Nährstoffzufuhr. In den wirtschaftlich angespannten Jahren des folgenden Jahrhunderts und vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftskrise nach dem 1. Weltkrieg entwikkelten sich mehrere Konzepte zu Empfehlungen für die Nährstoffzufuhr, welche primär der Erhalt der Arbeitsfähigkeit der Männer und die Bekämpfung des Hungers zum Ziel hatten. Mit zunehmenden Erkenntnissen zum Bedarf des Menschen an essentiellen Nährstoffen kam es zu einer deutlichen Unterscheidung zwischen bisherigen Empfehlungen und Empfehlungen auf der Basis gesundheitspolitischer Erwägungen. Insbesondere das amerikanische Food and Nutrition Board lenkte mit seiner ersten Ausgabe der Recommended Dietary Allowances 1941 die Ansprüche an die Empfehlungen zur Nährstoffzufuhr in Richtung der Verbesserung und Aufrechterhaltung des Gesundheitszustandes der gesamten Bevölkerung. Seit den 70er Jahren erfolgt eine verstärkte nationale und internationale Arbeit auf dem Gebiet der Nährstoffempfehlungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der wachsenden Anforderungen an die Empfehlungswerte werden derzeit neue Direktiven für die Revision der amerikanischen Recommended Dietary Allowances diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 9 (1979), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of HCl on the anodic behaviour of Fe and Ni in DMSO/1 M H2SO4 depends on the water content of the solution. In completely anhydrous solutions the current density at the same voltage is in no case enlarged and pittings are certainly not observed. At water contents in the range 2–50% the two metals show pitting corrosion, but the current density at the same voltage is much lower than in aqueous solutions. The true anodic polarization measured with an interrupting potentiostat is very high and probably caused by a salt layer. It may be the source of the inhibition effect of DMSO. Fe in DMF/1 M H2SO4 has a similar anodic behaviour depending on the HCl concentration, but the polarization in this anhydrous solvent is much lower. The inhibition effect also seems to be lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 38 (1999), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Elderly – validation of 3-day estimated dietary record – 24 h urine nitrogen excretion – ratio of energy intake and basal metabolic rate – underreporting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a 3-day estimated dietary record, especially developed for the longitudinal study on nutrition and health status in an aging population (aged ≥ 60 years) in Giessen, Germany. Methods The dietary record comprises 146 food items. Portion sizes of the foods consumed were estimated by means of household measures and corresponding dimensions. The validity of the dietary record was evaluated by means of nitrogen excretion in the 24 h urine in 14 women and 9 men, and by comparing energy intake and basal metabolic rate determined by indirect calorimetry in 238 women and 105 men. Results Neither in women nor in men were any differences found between calculated nitrogen intake (13.4 ± 2.2 g and 15.0 ± 2.0 g, respectively) and nitrogen excretion (12.9 ± 2.1 g and 15.7 ± 3.0 g, respectively). The ratio between reported energy intake and basal metabolic rate was 1.62 ± 0.46 in women and 1.53 ± 0.46 in men. Regarding energy intake, 7.6% of the females and 16.2% of the males were classified as underreporters. They show a significantly higher body weight and BMI than the adequate reporters. Conclusion The results have proved the new 3-day estimated dietary record as suitable to determine energy and nutrient supply of the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 28 (1989), S. 32-35 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Cysteinderivate ; parenterale Ernährung ; cysteine derivatives ; parenteral nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Utilization of cysteine derivatives for parenteral nutrition was established by means of nitrogen balance of growing rats. N,N-bis-acetylcystine and bis-acetyl-glycyl-cystine were not utilized as substrates. N-acetylcysteine, glutathione disulfide, and L-thiazolidine-(4)-carboxylic acid gave evidence as suitable cysteine sources for parenteral nutrition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Stickstoffbilanz wachsender Ratten diente als Kriterium zur Beurteilung der biologischen Effizienz möglicher Cysteinvorstufen für die parenterale Ernährung. N,N-Bis-Acetylcystin und Bis-Acetylglycyl-cystin sind nicht als Substrate geeignet. Als gut verwertbare Cysteinquellen erwiesen sich N-Acetylcystein, Glutathion-Disulfid und L-Thiazolidincarbonsäure-(4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 8 (1987), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: protoplast culture ; plant regeneration ; monocotyledons ; Haworthia magnifica v. Poelln
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Calli were initiated from flower buds, gynoecia and inflorescence segments of Haworthia magnifica v. Poelln. and subcultured on solid medium. Two liquid culture steps were necessary to prepare the calli for the isolation of protoplasts capable of sustained cell divisions. Plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived calli. The influence of both the osmolality of the culture media and exudates on the viability of protoplasts and protoplast-derived cell colonies is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 648-653 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: In-situ-investigation of crevice corrosion in model systems using miniaturized electrochemical sensorsMeasuring characteristics of miniaturized sensors for the determination of the parameters pH value, oxygen content, concentration of chloride ions and redox potential was tested and optimized with regard to the application in model crevices. The sensors were used for examinations of crevice corrosion in 0.1 molar and 1 molar solution of NaCl at the following alloys: X 20 Cr 13, X 2 CrNi 18 10, X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 5, X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 5*, X 2 CrNiMo CuN 20 25 6. Corrosion characteristic of the alloys and the change of crevice electrolyte without external polarization and with galvanostatic polarization (i = 10 μA/cm2, i = 200 μA/cm2) were tested and discussed by the hand of the model concepts from Oldfield and Sutton [1].In experiments with galvanostatic polarization the steels with increasing content of chromium or molybdenum showed a growing stability against crevice corrosion. The results showed that simultaneous measurements of the above mentioned chemical parameters of crevice electrolyte in connection with the corrosion potential can supply additional information about causes and mechanism of crevice corrosion.
    Notes: Das Meßverhalten miniaturisierter Sensoren für die Bestimmung der Parameter pH-Wert, Sauerstoffgehalt, Chloridionenkonzentration und Redoxpotential wurde im Hinblick auf den Einsatz in Modellspalten untersucht und optimiert. Die Sensoren wurden für Spaltkorrosionsuntersuchungen in 0,1 mol/1 und 1 mol/l NaCl-Lösung an folgenden Stählen verwendet: X 20 Cr 13, X 2 CrNi 18 10, X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 5, X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 5*, X 2 CrNiMoCuN 20 25 6. Das Korrosionsverhalten der Stähle sowie die Veränderung des Spaltelektrolyten ohne äußere Polarisation und mit galvanostatischer Polarisation (i = 10 μA/cm2, i = 200 μA/cm2) wurden untersucht und anhand der Modellvorstellung von Oldfield und Sutton [1] diskutiert.Bei Versuchen mit galvanostatischer Polarisation wiesen die Stähle mit ansteigendem Chrom- und Molybdängehalt eine zunehmende Beständigkeit gegen Spaltkorrosion auf.Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß gleichzeitige Messungen der o.g. chemischen Parameter des Spaltelektrolyten in Verbindung mit dem Korrosionspotential zusätzliche Informationen über Ursachen und Mechanismus der Spaltkorrosion liefern können.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0924-4247
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3069
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-04-12
    Description: Hox-C9 activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and is associated with spontaneous regression in neuroblastoma Cell Death and Disease 4, e586 (April 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.84 Authors: H Kocak, S Ackermann, B Hero, Y Kahlert, A Oberthuer, D Juraeva, F Roels, J Theissen, F Westermann, H Deubzer, V Ehemann, B Brors, M Odenthal, F Berthold & M Fischer
    Keywords: class I HOX clusterHox-C9neuroblastomaapoptosisdifferentiationspontaneous regression
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0378-7753
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-2755
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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