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  • 1
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    Rivers of Indochina as potential drivers of lineage diversification in the spotted flying lizard (Draco maculatus) species complex (2020)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1055-7903
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9513
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
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    Signals of forest degradation in the demography of common Asian amphibians (2018)
    PeerJ
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    Publication Date: 2018-01-31
    Description: BackgroundLowland areas in tropical East and Southeast Asia have a long history of conversion from forestland to agricultural land, with many remaining forests being chronically degraded by wood cutting, livestock grazing, and burning. Wetland-breeding amphibians that have evolved in lowland forests in the region have adjusted to changes in habitat composition caused by humans’ activities, and populations continue to persist. However, we have little understanding of the impacts of forest disturbance on these species beyond assessments of abundance and distribution, and species considered to be common and widespread have been largely neglected.MethodsWe examined body condition and sex ratios of toads (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), predation risk in treefrogs (2Polypedatesspp.), and growth and survival of leaf litter frogs (2Microhylaspp.) in agricultural land, degraded forest, and intact forest in two study areas, Thailand and Hong Kong.ResultsToad populations exhibited higher body condition and female-biased sex ratios in intact forest. Predation of treefrog embryos by flies was lower in intact and degraded forests than in agricultural land. Embryonic survival and larval growth and survival in leaf litter frogs were lower in intact forests than in agricultural land. Results for each study were similar between study areas.DiscussionFor three of five of these common amphibian species, we documented signals of forest loss and disturbance in their populations. Although these species occur in disturbed habitats, loss of forest cover continues to degrade aspects of their population demography. We urge conservation biologists to consider that populations of species appearing to be common, widespread, and tolerant of human disturbance may be eroding over time.
    Electronic ISSN: 2167-8359
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by PeerJ
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  • 3
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    Three new karst-dwellingCnemaspisStrauch, 1887 (Squamata; Gekkoniade) from Peninsular Thailand and the phylogenetic placement ofC. punctatonuchalisandC. vandeventeri (2017)
    PeerJ
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    Publication Date: 2017-01-24
    Description: Three new species of Rock GeckosCnemaspis lineogularissp. nov.,C. phangngaensissp. nov., andC. thachanaensissp. nov. of thechanthaburiensisandsiamensisgroups are described from the Thai portion of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. These new species are distinguished from all other species in their two respective groups based on a unique combination of morphological characteristics, which is further supported by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene (ND2).Cnemaspis lineogularissp. nov. is differentiated from all other species in thechanthaburiensisgroup by having a smaller maximum SVL 38 mm, 13 paravertebral tubercles, enlarged femoral scales, no caudal bands, and a 19.5–23.0% pairwise sequence divergence (ND2).Cnemaspis phangngaensissp. nov. is differentiated from all other species in the siamensis group by having the unique combination of 10 infralabial scales, four continuous pore-bearing precloacal scales, paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged, lacking tubercles on the lower flanks, having ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly present, caudal tubercles restricted to a single paraveterbral row on each side, a single median row of keeled subcaudals, and a 8.8–25.2% pairwise sequence divergence (ND2).Cnemaspis thachanaensissp. nov. is distinguished from all other species in the siamensis group by having 10 or 11 supralabial scales 9–11 infralabial scales, paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged, ventrolateral caudal tubercles anteriorly, caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side, a single median row of keeled subcaudal scales, lacking a single enlarged subcaudal scale row, lacking postcloaclal tubercles in males, the presence of an enlarged submetatarsal scale at the base if the 1st toe, and a 13.4–28.8% pairwise sequence divergence (ND2). The new phylogenetic analyses placeC. punctatonuchalisandC. vandeventeriin the siamensis group withC. punctatonuchalisas the sister species toC. huaseesomandC. vandeventerias the sister species toC. siamensis, corroborating previous hypotheses based on morphology. The discovery of three new karst-dwelling endemics brings the total number of nominal ThaiCnemaspisspecies to 15 and underscores the need for continued field research in poorly known areas of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, especially those that are threatened and often overlooked as biodiversity hot spots.
    Electronic ISSN: 2167-8359
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by PeerJ
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  • 4
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    Population demography of Oldham’s leaf turtle (Cyclemys oldhamii) in protected and disturbed habitats in Thailand (2019)
    PeerJ
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-02
    Description: Background Freshwater turtle populations are vulnerable to a range of human activities because of particular life history attributes, and anthropogenic impacts can cause shifts in demographic traits, including survival, density and population structure. Asian freshwater turtles have undergone dramatic population declines in recent decades principally because of collection for food, pet, and traditional medicine markets. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on the population demography of these turtles, thereby limiting our understanding of population trends and the development of conservation actions. Oldham’s leaf turtle (Cyclemys oldhamii) is one of the most commonly traded turtles in Asian markets, but previous published studies have focused solely on systematics. Methods We conducted a mark-recapture study of C. oldhamii at three sites in northeastern Thailand—a protected stream, a degraded stream, and human-constructed ponds—and evaluated differences in survival, density, population structure, and sexual dimorphism among sites. Results We captured 77 turtles at the protected stream, 67 at the constructed ponds, and two in the degraded stream. Survival was 12% lower and density was 35% lower in the constructed ponds than in the protected stream. Size class structure was skewed toward smaller individuals at the constructed ponds, and both sites exhibited subadult-skewed age class structure. Sex ratios were not statistically different than 1:1 at either site and did not differ between sites. We did not document sexual dimorphism in either population. Discussion Explanations for lower survival, lower densities, and skewed size class structure at the constructed ponds include collection for consumption or Buddhist prayer release locally, collection for illegal export from Thailand, predation by domestic dogs associated with humans living nearby, or lower habitat quality. Evidence from our study suggests that collection, either for local use or export, is the most likely explanation for differences in demographic characteristics between the two sites. The information gained from this study may contribute to a status assessment for C. oldhamii and development of conservation actions should they become necessary to protect populations in Thailand.
    Electronic ISSN: 2167-8359
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by PeerJ
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  • 5
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    A New Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Southern Thailand (2021)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2021-02-22
    Description: A new species in the dicroglossid frog genus Limnonectes is described from Ko Pha-ngan, Ko Samui, and Ko Lanta Yai Islands in southern Thailand. Males of Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. lack a caruncle on top of the head and very closely resemble L. doriae (Boulenger, 1887) from Myanmar and western and southern Thailand. However, the new species is distinguished from L. doriae and its congeners using an integrative taxonomic approach of morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and bioacoustics. Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. differs from L. doriae and its congeners by having a unique combination of morphological characters, including body size; skin texture of the interorbital region, dorsum, and shank; toe webbing; relative size of the inner metatarsal tubercle; and coloration of the tympanum, venter, and ova. The advertisement call of the new species is also readily differentiated from that of L. doriae in temporal parameters. Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. is highly divergent in mitochondrial DNA from L. doriae and its congeners, but its phylogenetic position within the genus is not resolved. The natural history of the new species is presented, and the geographic range of L. doriae in Thailand is clarified.
    Electronic ISSN: 2076-2615
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 6
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    Salamander protection starts with the newt (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-28
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science
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