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  • 1
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    Freezing as a path to build complex composites (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: Materials that are strong, ultralightweight, and tough are in demand for a range of applications, requiring architectures and components carefully designed from the micrometer down to the nanometer scale. Nacre, a structure found in many molluscan shells, and bone are frequently used as examples for how nature achieves this through hybrid organic-inorganic composites. Unfortunately, it has proven extremely difficult to transcribe nacre-like clever designs into synthetic materials, partly because their intricate structures need to be replicated at several length scales. We demonstrate how the physics of ice formation can be used to develop sophisticated porous and layered-hybrid materials, including artificial bone, ceramic-metal composites, and porous scaffolds for osseous tissue regeneration with strengths up to four times higher than those of materials currently used for implantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deville, Sylvain -- Saiz, Eduardo -- Nalla, Ravi K -- Tomsia, Antoni P -- 5R01 DE015633/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. sdeville@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Regeneration ; *Bone Substitutes ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; *Ceramics ; Compressive Strength ; Durapatite/chemistry ; Freeze Drying ; *Freezing ; Ice ; Metals ; Particle Size ; *Polymers ; Porosity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: The notion of mimicking natural structures in the synthesis of new structural materials has generated enormous interest but has yielded few practical advances. Natural composites achieve strength and toughness through complex hierarchical designs that are extremely difficult to replicate synthetically. We emulate nature's toughening mechanisms by combining two ordinary compounds, aluminum oxide and polymethyl methacrylate, into ice-templated structures whose toughness can be more than 300 times (in energy terms) that of their constituents. The final product is a bulk hybrid ceramic-based material whose high yield strength and fracture toughness [ approximately 200 megapascals (MPa) and approximately 30 MPa.m(1/2)] represent specific properties comparable to those of aluminum alloys. These model materials can be used to identify the key microstructural features that should guide the synthesis of bio-inspired ceramic-based composites with unique strength and toughness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Munch, E -- Launey, M E -- Alsem, D H -- Saiz, E -- Tomsia, A P -- Ritchie, R O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1516-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1164865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aluminum Oxide/*chemistry ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry ; Ceramics/*chemistry ; Elasticity ; Freezing ; Gastropoda/chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Polymethyl Methacrylate/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro formation of hydroxylapatite layer in a MgO-containing glass (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 529-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In the present article, the behaviour of a biologically active glass (BAG) belonging to the system SiO2−CaO−MgO−Na2O−K2O−P2O5, soaked in simulated body fluids (SBFs), is studied. The amount of Ca, Mg and K leached from the glass, as well as variations in P concentration and pH of the solution were measured versus time. The formation of a hydroxylapatite (HA) layer on the glass surface was determined by XRD and SEM-EDX. The article reports the influence of pH variation of the medium on the crystallinity of the HA formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124885
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting and reactions in the lead borosilicate glass-precious metal systems (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 18 (1983), S. 2173-2180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Sessile drop experiments of lead borosilicate glass (liquid) on silver, gold and platinum were performed in air, vacuum and helium at 700° C. Wetting occurred in all cases. Strong adherence or bonding with the glass occurred for all three metals in air due to reactions with a thin oxide film present on the metal surfaces, and for silver in vacuum due to a redox reaction. Experiments in helium lead to poor adherence with all three metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555012
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic joining II partial transient liquid-phase bonding of alumina via Cu/Ni/Cu multilayer interlayers (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 3200-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Multilayer Cu/Ni/Cu interlayers that form a thin layer of a Cu-rich transient liquid phase have been used to join alumina to alumina at 1150 °C. The method and bonding conditions yield an assembly bonded by a Ni-rich (〉94 at% Ni) interlayer at a temperature substantially lower than those normally required for solid-state diffusion bonding with pure Ni interlayers. Flexure strengths of as-bonded beams ranged from 61 to 267 MPa with an average of 160 MPa and a standard deviation of ±63 MPa. The highest flexure strengths were observed in samples where failure occurred in the ceramic. Post-bonding anneals of 10 h duration in air and gettered-argon at 1000 °C decreased the average room temperature strength to 138 and 74 MPa, respectively. In as-processed and annealed samples, varying degrees of interfacial spinel formation are indicated. Spinel formation may contribute to the scatter in as-processed samples, and the decrease in strength values resulting from annealing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356663
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic joining III bonding of alumina via Cu/Nb/Cu interlayers (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 3678-3690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method of ceramic-ceramic joining that exploits a multilayer interlayer designed to form a thin, potentially transient layer of liquid phase has been used to join alumina to alumina. Microdesigned multilayer Cu/Nb interlayers were used to achieve bonding at 1150 °C. Flexure strengths of as-bonded samples ranged from 119 to 255 MPa, with an average of ≈ 181 MPa. The ability to form ‘strong’ ceramic/metal interfaces is also indicated by instances of ceramic failure. Microstructural and chemical characteristics of fracture surfaces were evaluated using SEM, EDS and microprobe. The impact of post-bonding anneals of 10 h duration at 1000 °C in gettered argon on room-temperature joint strength was assessed. High strengths (198 to 238 MPa) were obtained. The retention of strength following annealing in low oxygen partial pressure argon differs from the behaviour previously observed in Cu/Pt bonded alumina. Effects of the anneal on interfacial microstructure were determined, and an explanation for this difference in behaviour is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357335
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic joining (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 1673-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method of ceramic-ceramic joining that exploits a thin layer of a transient liquid phase to join alumina to alumina has been developed, and the results of its application to joining alumina are reported. Through the use of microdesigned multilayer Cu/Pt interlayers, transient liquid-phase joining has been achieved at 1150°C, yielding an interlayer that is platinum-rich at temperatures substantially lower than those required for solid-state diffusion bonding with pure platinum interlayers. Flexure tests indicate that ceramic/metal interface strengths exceeding those of the ceramic can be achieved. Post-bonding anneals of 10 h duration in air and gettered argon at 1000 °C had discernibly different effects on room-temperature joint strength. The microstructure and chemistry of fracture surfaces were examined using SEM and EDS in an effort to identify the nature of strength-limiting flaws in both as-bonded and postbonding annealed specimens. Topics requiring further study are identified. Opportunities for extensions of the method to other systems are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363367
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  • 8
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    On the physics of moisture-induced cracking in metal-glass (copper-silica) interfaces (2007)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 9
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    Delamination under Hertzian cyclic loading of a glass coating on Ti6al4v for implants (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-27
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Nonreactive Spreading at High-Temperature Revisited for Metal Systems via Molecular Dynamics (2009)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-06
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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