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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting Thermophilic Spore Population Dynamics for UHT Sterilization Processes (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of Bacillus stearothermophilus spore populations during lethal heating treats activation of dormant spores and inactivation mechanisms affecting dormant/activated spores. Rate constants of activation/inactivation processes were determined from isothermal survivor curves of experiments in 105, 110, 115, and 120°C and corresponding simulations with the model. Variations of rate constants with temperature were incorporated by Arrhenius equations responding to general temperature regimes. Tests demonstrated high correspondence between experimental survivor curves and those generated by simulations with the model for isothermal and dynamic, lethal heating. Tests also indicated Arrhenius rate constants at low lethal temperatures (105-120°C) and the model may apply to ultra high temperature. The new model was more effective than the traditional model in representing and predicting spore population dynamics during lethal heating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb11310.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glassy State in Bacterial Spores Predicted by Polymer Glass-Transition Theory (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 58 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polymer glass-transition theory was used to gain information about a possible general mechanism to explain the high heat resistance of bacterial spores. In a glassy state the configuration of vital macrom-olecules and supramolecular assemblies in the spore protoplast would change extremely slowly when heated. The temperature dependence for heat inactivation rates above the glass-transition temperature was shown to be free-volume dependent and described by the kinetics commonly observed for glassy polymers. Glass-transition temperatures for various spores, predicted by nonlinear regression analysis of their heat inactivation rates at different temperatures, increased with increasing heat resistance as expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb04294.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hierarchy in Food Colorants Absorbtion on Selected Crystalline Powders (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 53 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three food colorants, namely FD&C Blue No. 1, Red No. 40, and Yellow No. 5, were absorbed on glass beads and reabsorbed on powdered citric acid, malic acid, sucrose, and sodium chloride. At water activities below 0.58, the migration pattern of the pigment from the original host to a fresh carrier, of the same or different chemical species, served as a measure of the relative surface affinity between the pigment and the host powder. The pigments showed maximum affinity to citric acid and to a somewhat lesser extent to malic acid and sucrose. Their affinity to sodium chloride was the least intensive. Small particle size increased the interparticle affinity of dry powders. At water activities higher than a critical water-activity region (between 0.33–0.58), all pigment migration practically came to a halt, probably as a result of stabilization of the pigment-carrier agglomerates by liquid bridges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb07754.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Predictive Models for Bacterial Spore Population Resources to Sterilization Temperatures (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 58 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Comparisons of characteristics of recent models and the conventional model of bacterial spore populations during thermal sterilization showed the conventional model was inadequate for general representation because it lacks activation of dormant spores. New models accounting for activation differed in other assumptions but obviated heat shock of indicator spores required when using the conventional model in validations of thermal sterilization. Comparisons of rate constants and simulated and experimental responses of models of B. stearother-mophilus spores in constant and dynamic temperatures showed one new model was more general, more accurate and preferred. Arrhenius equations accurately described temperature dependencies of all rate constants of that model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb03250.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of thermal inactivation rate constants of bacterial spores in a glassy state (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1993), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Spores ; Glassy state ; WLF kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Differential scanning calorimetry data obtained from corn embryos is consistent with the hypothesis of their glassy state. This work extends that hypothesis to explain the speculation about the high heat resistance of bacterial spores. By considering the protoplast to be in a glassy solid-state, it can be assumed that the configurational rearrangements of the key life dependent polymer chain backbones (DNA, etc.) are extremely slow, thereby ceasing thermal motions. It is assumed that at the glass transition temperature, the spore protoplast undergoes a discontinuity in the thermal expansion coefficient, and above this critical temperature, the rate of thermal inactivation of spores is free volume dependent and can be described adequately by the William, Landel and Ferry (WLF) equation. Glass transition temperatures forBacillus stearothermophilus andClostridium botulinum spores, obtained by fitting the inactivation rate data to the WLF equation, indicate a decrease in the inactivation rates with increasing glass-transition temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584197
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