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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1990-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0170-0839
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0170-0839
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-3057
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1945
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 24 (1990), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Reactions between a diepoxide and a diisocyanate can lead to copolymers having isocyanurate and oxazolidone rings in their chemical structure. Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), we have studied the influence of catalysts such as an imidazole or a blocked isocyanate on the polymer formation. We have identified the nature of the exotherms observed in DSC experiments with the aid of FTIR spectroscopy and observed the influence of the molar ratio of the functional groups and the amount of catalyst. We have compared the influence of these catalysts with results obtained previously with a tertiary amine.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 24 (1990), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Reactions between a diepoxide and a diisocyanate can lead to copolymers having two kinds of heterocycles in their chemical structure: isocyanurate rings which are the result of the reaction of three isocyanate functions with themselves and oxazolidone rings which are the result of the reaction of an epoxy function with an isocyanate function. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in order to understand the influence of a catalyst, like a tertiary amine, on the reaction mechanism of polymer formation. We also observed the influence of the stoechiometric ratio between the diisocyanate and the diepoxide on the glass-transition temperature of the obtained network. We have identified the nature of the exotherms observed in DSC experiments and proposed an assignment of the different peaks observed in the FTIR spectra. We showed that the amount of catalyst and the stoechiometric ratio between the diisocyanate and the diepoxide strongly influence the structure of the final polymer and its thermal characteristics such as the glass-transition temperature.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1447-1458 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: epoxide ; cationic polymerization ; kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cationic nonlinear polymerization of diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) in the presence of a diluent γ-butyrolactone (BL) was initiated by the BF3-4-methoxyaniline (MA) complex. The reaction was studied by size exclusion chromatography, DSC, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Reaction mechanism involves a fast formation of adducts of DGEBA with MA released from the initiator. Formation of spiro orthoesters (S) by reaction of BL with DGEBA and homopolymerization of DGEBA as well as copolymerization with S follow. Gelation occurs at 60°C within a few minutes at conversion of epoxy groups (ξE)c = 0.20-0.45. The networks cured under optimum conditions show high glass transition temperature, Tα = 178°C. The mechanism-structure-property relations are discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 242 (1996), S. 1-36 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wegen der Reaktivitätsunterschiede zwischen freien Isocyanaten und Uretdion-Ringen können Diisocyanat-Dimere als blockierte Isocyanate verwendet werden. Sie bieten den potentiellen Vorteil, daß keine flüchtigen Nebenprodukte gebildet werden. Das Dimere des Toluylen-2,4-diisocyanates enthält einen Uretdion-Ring, gebildet durch Dimerisierung zweier Isocyanat-Gruppen, und zwei freie Isocyanat-Gruppen. Letztere reagieren bei Temperaturen über 80°C schnell mit Hydroxygruppen eines hydroxyterminierten Polycaprolactons. Das reine Dimere dissoziiert thermisch oberhalb von 150°C; die Dissoziation ist reversibel. In Gegenwart von OH-Gruppen können die regenerierten Isocyanat-Gruppen dann zu Urethanen weiterreagieren. Außerdem konnte die Bildung von Allophanat als Reaktionsprodukt eines Uretdion-Rings mit einer Hydroxygruppe experimentell nachgewiesen werden. Der Einfluß des Anfangsmolverhältnisses der Reaktanden und der Temperatur auf den Reaktionsmechanisrnus wird diskutiert. Allophanate sind bei hoher Temperatur in Gegenwart unreagierter Hydroxygruppen nicht stabil; ihre Dissoziation führt zu Urethanen. Die Anwendung der Verzweigungstheorie zeigt, daß das System wegen der Allophanat-Bildung in einem weiten Bereich des NCO/OH-Anfangsmolverhältnisses gelieren kann.
    Notes: Due to the difference in reactivity between free isocyanates and uretdione rings, diisocyanate dimers can be used as blocked isocyanates. They offer the potential advantage that no volatile by-products are formed. The toluene 2,4-diisocyanate dimer contains one uretdione ring, formed by dimerization of two isocyanate groups, and two free isocyanate groups. The latter react rapidly with the hydroxy groups of a polycaprolactone diol at temperatures above 80°C. The pure dimer thermally dissociates above 150°C; dissociation is reversible. In the presence of OH groups, the regenerated isocyanate groups can then react to form urethanes. Our experiments have also revealed the formation of allophanate groups as reaction products of an uretdione ring with a hydroxy group. The influence of initial molar ratio of reactants and of temperature on the mechanisms have been discussed. Allophanates are not stable at high temperature in presence of remaining hydroxy groups, their dissociation leads to urethanes. Application of branching theory has shown that the system can gel due to allophanate formation in a wide range of initial molar ratios of NCO to OH groups.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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