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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of gp43 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 234 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a deep mycosis caused by the thermo-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and is prevalent in Latin American countries. We detected the species specific gp43 gene of P. brasiliensis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in 22 clinical and seven armadillo-derived isolates. The amplified DNA appeared as a ladder with a specific banding pattern. The advantage of the LAMP method is speed; only 3 h were necessary for identification of the organism and diagnosis of the disease. We were also able to obtain positive results from DNA extracted from a paraffin-embedded tissue sample of paracoccidioidomycosis, suggesting that this method may achieve clinical application in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09518.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the relationship between the estrous cycle of BALB/c mice and their resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 119 (1992), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Estrogen ; estrous cycle ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; sexual differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A relationship between the estrous cycle and non-specific host resistance to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells was examined by using both sexes of adult BALB/c mice. They were divided into 6 groups, including a male group and females at proestrus, estrus, metestrus-I, metestrus-II and diestrus. The mice received yeast cells through three different inoculation routes; intravenous, intraperitoneal and intratracheal. In all of the inoculation routes, the clearance of the yeast cells was influenced by the estrous cycle. The female mice at estrus, which might have high blood estrogen levels, showed a marked clearance of the yeast cells from the blood, peritoneal cavity and lungs. These results suggested that non-specific host resistance to the yeast cells was enhanced by estrogen. All female groups inoculated by the three routes showed higher clearance of the yeast cells than the male group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00448811
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenicities and GP43kDa gene of three Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates originated from a nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus ) (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 144 (1998), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: armadillo ; GP43kDa gene ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; pathogenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied three different isolates of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis obtained from the mesenteric lymph node (D3LY1), the spleen (D3S1) and the liver (D3LIV1) of the same armadillo ( Dasypus novemcinctus ).Pulmonal inflammatory area was evaluated by intravenous inoculation of 106 yeast cells of each isolates in young, male, ddY mice. Moreover, the partial sequence of GP43kDa gene of P. brasiliensis was analyzed. The lung inflammatory area was greater in animals inoculated with isolate D3S1. The partial sequence of GP43kDa gene indicated that isolate D3S1 is different from isolates D3LY1 and D3LIV1. This study suggested that the same armadillo might be susceptible to multiple P. brasiliensis isolates simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007024923042
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic similarities to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in thermo-dependent dimorphic fungi isolated from soil in Botucatu, SP, Brazil (1997)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 138 (1997), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Brazil ; dimorphic fungi ; ecology ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compared the antigenic characteristics of two thermo-dependent dimorphic fungi isolated from soil in Botucatu, an endemic area of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The soil isolates grew as cerebriform colonies at 37 °C (yeast form) and as cottonous colonies at 25 °C (mycelial form). No pathogenicity for ddY mice or hamsters were observed. In immunodiffusion test, there were precipitation bands between the 2 soil isolates and pooled PCM patient sera. There were also common precipitation bands at 21, 50 and 58 kDa between the soil isolates antigens and PCM patient sera by Western-blotting, but no gp43 kDa band. No gene for gp 43 kDa protein was detected in the soil isolates by PCR. The fact that these isolates were obtained from an endemic area of PCM and there were some antigenic similarities between the soil isolates and P. brasiliensis in immunodiffusion test and Western-blotting may have some importance in epidemiological surveys done with paracoccidioidin as well interfering with the immune response of the exposed population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006835903685
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the relationship between the pathogenicity of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice and its growth rate under different oxygen atmospheres (1991)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 114 (1991), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Growth rate ; micro-aerobic atmosphere ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; pathogenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed comparative studies of the pathogenicity of six strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Bt-9, Bt-4, Pb-9, Pb-18, Bt-7 and B-1183) for young adult male ddY mice and the growth rate of each strain under different oxygen atmospheres (aerobic, micro-aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres) at 37 °C. 106 units of yeast cells were intravenously injected into each mouse. The pathogenicity of each isolate was determined by a scoring system based on organ culture and histopathological findings. The growth rates under different oxygen atmospheres were determined by a scoring system in which 300 fungal units per strain were counted. The strain Bt-9 showed the greatest pathogenicity, followed by Bt-4. Pb-9 and Pb-18 had on intermediate rank of pathogenicity. Bt-7 and B-1183 were the least pathogenic of the strains tested. Except for strain Bt-7 all strains showed an excellent growth under an aerobic atmosphere. Bt-4 and Bt-9 also showed excellent growth under a micro-aerobic atmosphere, followed by Pb-9, whereas the growth of Pb-18, Bt-7 and B-1183 was limited. There was a correlation between the growth rate under a micro-aerobic atmosphere and the pathogenicity of a strain. The growth rate of P. brasiliensis under a micro-aerobic atmosphere strongly correlated to its pathogenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436428
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between human and armadillo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 143 (1998), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: armadillo ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; PCR ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-three Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates obtained from three nine-banded armadillos ( Dasypus novemcinctus), one Amazonian armadillo's and 19 clinical isolates were compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis with the primer OPG-19. The isolates were divided into three major clusters, I, II and III. Coincidences between human and armadillo isolates were observed in clusters I and II. Cluster III consisted only of armadillos' isolates. The results suggested that (I) humans may acquire P. brasiliensis infection by contact with armadillo's environment, (II) there may be P. brasiliensis genotypes peculiar to the animal, and (III) individual armadillos may be infected with P. brasiliensis cells with different genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006949113529
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the relationship between paracoccidioidomycosis in ddY mice and their estrous cycle (1991)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 115 (1991), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Estrous cycle ; female mouse ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; paracoccidioidomycosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between paracoccidioidomycosis in ddY mouse and its estrous cycle was studied. Adult ddY mice of both sexes were used as experimental animals. Estrous cycle of female mice was examined before inoculation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells and mice were divided into 5 groups such as proestrus, estrus, metestrus-I, metestrus-II and diestrus. Each mouse was inoculated intravenously with 106 P. brasiliensis yeast cell units and sacrificed on day 28 after inoculation. Their internal organs were cultured, and in addition, their histopathologies were studied. As a result, there was no difference in the organ cultures among the male and the female mice of 5 groups. However, histopathologically, the female groups at estrus, metestrus-I and metestrus-II were affected more severely than the male group, and the susceptibility of the female mice to the fungus was closely related to their estrous cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436795
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of four different staining methods for estimation of live yeast form cells ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Cell viability ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; Staining method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study of four different staining methods for estimation of live yeast form cells ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis was carried out. The staining methods used were fluorescent staining, vital dye exclusion tests with erythrosin B and by Janus green and lactophenol cotton blue staining. Colony forming units (cfu) of the yeast form of eightP. brasiliensis isolates on brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) supplemented with 4% horse serum plus 5%P. brasiliensis cell extract (BHIA + HS + EXT) were examined for reliability of staining in determining the number of live fungal units in eight different isolates. Cfu on BHIA + HS + EXT plates showed an excellent plating efficiency over 96% in all isolates tested. The percentage of the live cells indicated by fluorescent staining (FL) or vital dye exclusion test with erythrosin B (EB) or Janus green (JG-1) was lower than that of cfu. By contrast, the percentage due to modified dye exclusion test with Janus green (JG-2) and that due to lactophenol cotton blue staining (LPCB) showed a close correration to that of cfu. Our results indicate that the modified dye exclusion test with Janus green and lactophenol cotton blue staining are useful for estimating cell viability of yeast form cells ofP. brasiliensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103733
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth-promoting factors for yeast cells ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: iron ; iron chelator ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; plating efficiency ; siderophore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Low-density seedings of yeast cells ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis give poor growth (as assessed by plating efficiency test) on conventional mycological agar media, and therefore growth-promoting factors for this fungus were sought. Water-extracts of yeast cells of sixP. brasiliensis isolates were all considerably effective in promoting the growth of low-density seedings ofP. brasiliensis isolates Pb-18 and Hachisuga, but had little effect on isolate Bt-4. Horse serum, at a concentration range of 2–4%, moderately or considerably promoted the growth of theseP. brasiliensis isolates. Combinations of the fungus cell extracts with horse serum were highly effective in promoting the growth of all of the fungal isolates. The fungus cell extracts showed siderophore (microbial iron carrier) activity. An iron-chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, at a concentration of 100 μM also highly promoted the growth of the fungal isolates in the presence of horse serum, and ferric ion added to culture medium was considerably effective in the growth promotion. These results suggest that deficient utilization of external iron by the fungus cell is one of the growth-limiting processes for low-density seedings of yeast cells ofP. brasiliensis on conventional mycological agar media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461454
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of 17Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates (1997)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 38 (1997), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: morphology ; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis ; physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the physiological and morphological features of 17 isolates ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis in order to define their phenotypes. The isolates were cultured at room temperature on potato dextrose agar (PDA, Difco) slants for mycelial growth and in 1% dextrose brain heart infusion agar (BHIA, Difco) at 37°C for the study of yeast forms. Most mycelial and yeast forms grew well between pH 5.6–9.4. In their response to osmotic pressure the isolates were separated in three groups: intolerant, intermediate and tolerant. They also varied in carbohydrate assimilation tests, which indicated important metabolic variation. No clear differences were observed in phenol oxidase tests, KNO3, starch, casein and arbutin assimilation tests. Only 1 of the isolates, Bt-19, had gelatinase activity. No correlation was observed between the above differences and virulence. Two patterns of growth were observed in the mycelial cultures, glabrous and cottonous, the latter being correlated with increased virulence for ddY mice. Most yeast forms grew as cerebriform colonies, but Pb-HC and Bt-19 colonies had a cobblestone-like surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02460845
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