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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-D reflectivity method and synthetic seismograms for irregularly layered structures—II. Invariant embedding approach (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 105 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Laterally varying interfaces cause coupling between wavenumbers so that seismograms in two-dimensionally layered media can be synthesized by means of ‘supermatrices’, which include the coupled contributions of all the wavenumbers. We introduce reflection and transmission ‘supermatrices’ in order to eliminate numerical problems arising from loss of precision for evanescent waves in the seismogram synthesis. An interface is assumed to be such that the reflected and transmitted wavefields; on its two sides can be represented as purely upgoing and downgoing waves, i.e. the Rayleigh ansatz is imposed. The computational demands of this method can be kept to a minimum by exploiting propagation invariants in the coupled wavenumber domain.The superior performance of this ‘invariant embedding’ approach when compared to propagator or finite difference schemes is illustrated by application to the response of sedimentary basins to excitation by an incident plane wave or a line force. The results are in good general agreement with the other methods, but show greater numerical stability and computational efficiency. In the case of a single interface the ‘invariant embedding’ procedure for P-SV-waves takes 45 per cent less computation time and 29 per cent less memory than the propagator method of Koketsu (1987a, b). The gains are reduced in a multilayer case because of the level of computation required to calculate the addition rules for the large reflection and transmission supermatrices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03448.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation invariants, reflection and transmission in anisotropic, laterally heterogeneous media (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 103 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: For quasi-stratified media in which the principal variation in seismic properties is with depth, propagation invariants can be constructed from certain combinations of the displacement and tractions elements of two seismic wavefields. These invariants are independent of depth and vanish for identical wavefields, and are constructed for anisotropic, laterally varying media in the spatial and wavenumber domains.These propagation invariants can be exploited to substantially simplify the construction of reflection and transmission processes in laterally varying media, including coupling between wavenumbers. The implementation of this approach is illustrated by application to the incidence of SH-waves on an irregular interface below a free surface. The results are in excellent agreement with those from other schemes but take about 20 per cent less computation time. Even greater improvements in calculation speed are possible in more complex models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb01755.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of Calcium-45 from Frog Nerves during Electrical Activity (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 402-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experimental results reported here, however, clearly demonstrate that the release of calcium-45 loaded on nerve fibres apparently increases during electrical activity, suggesting that production of action potentials in muscles underlies the release of calcium at least in part. The discrepancy ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/189402a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of Membrane Calcium in Calcium-free and Potassium-rich Media (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 403-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Isolated frog sartorius muscle was soaked in Ringer containing calcium-45 for 2 hr. at room temperature. After washing the muscles for 20 sec. in Ringer's solution, the time course of the output of calcium-45 into normal Ringer and the test solutions was observed for 4 hr. During this procedure, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/189403a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restoration of Membrane Excitability of Calcium-deficient Muscles by Anodal Polarization (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 243-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This concept was supported by the following experimental results on muscle fibres registering complete loss of excitability and reduced resting potential (40-20 mV.) in calcium-free Ringer solution (with or without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). In these fibres, it was possible to restore the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/187243a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillation of [Ca 2+ ] i -linked K + conductance in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cell is sensitive to intracellular anions (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 283 (1980), S. 204-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Experimental procedures for intracellular recording from B-type neurones of paravertebrate sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) have been described previously11,13,14. Most experiments were carried out using microelectrodes filled with l M K3-citrate (tip resistance 20-60 MW). In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/283204a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained potentiation of transmitter release by adrenaline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in sympathetic ganglia (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 291 (1981), S. 654-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ninth or tenth paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) were isolated. B-type neurones were studied using a conventional intracellular recording technique10. Microelectrodes were filled with 3 M KC1 or l M K3-citrate (tip resistance 25-100 M). The fast e.p.s.p. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/291654a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease of Na + conductance during desensitisation of the frog endplate (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 262 (1976), S. 504-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sciatic nervesartorius muscle preparations were isolated from frogs (Rana nigromaculatd). Conventional intracellular recording techniques and a voltage clamp circuit were as used previously11. Ionic composition of Ringer's solution was as follows (mM): NaCl, 115; KCl, 2.0; CaCl2, 1.8; NaH2PO4, 0.7; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/262504a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of Calcium Ion to Lecithin Film (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 196 (1962), S. 995-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The radiotracer method using a soft p-emitter has proved very successful for the direct measurement of adsorption at the solution-air interface8. This technique was applied to study the adsorption of calcium ions (calcium-45) to a lecithin monolayer. The radioactive solution was introduced in a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/196995b0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic Transmission in a Sodium-free Medium (1958)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 182 (1958), S. 887-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nerve sartorius preparations of frogs (Rana pipiens) were used. The sodium-free hydrazinium solution contained 2 mM potassium chloride, 1.8 mM calcium chloride with various amounts of hydrazine (Eastman) and sufficient sucrose to maintain iso-tonicity. Both the hydrazine base and the final solution ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/182887a0
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