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  • 1
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    Submarine geomorphology (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Call number: 9783319578521 (e-book)
    Description / Table of Contents: This book on the current state of knowledge of submarine geomorphology aims to achieve the goalsof the Submarine Geomorphology working group, set up in 2013, byestablishing submarine geomorphology as a field of research, disseminating its concepts and techniques among earth scientists and professionals, and encouraging students to develop their skills and knowledge in this field.Editors have invited 30 experts from around the world to contribute chapters to this book, which is divided into 4 sections - (i) Introduction history, (ii) Data methods, (ii) Submarine landforms processes and (iv) Conclusions future directions. Each chapter provides a review of a topic, establishes the state-of-the-art, identifies the key research questions that need to be addressed, and delineates a strategy on how to achieve this.Submarine geomorphology is a priority for many research institutions, government authorities and industries globally.The book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, and professionals with limited training in this field.
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiii, 556 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: corrected publication 2018
    ISBN: 9783319578521 , 978-3-319-57852-1
    ISSN: 2197-9545 , 2197-9553
    Series Statement: Springer geology
    URL: Ebook (access only within the AWI network)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57852-1
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Introduction / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini Part I Data and Methods in Submarine Geomorphology Sidescan Sonar / Ingo Klaucke Multibeam Echosounders / John E. Hughes Clarke Reflection and Refraction Seismic Methods / Gareth J. Crutchley and Heidrun Kopp Quantitative Analyses of Morphological Data / Philippe Blondel Seafloor Sediment and Rock Sampling / Aggeliki Georgiopoulou ROVs and AUVs / Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Katleen Robert, Leigh Marsh, Claudio Lo Iacono, Tim Le Bas and Russell B. Wynn Part II Submarine Landforms and Processes Origin and Geomorphic Characteristics of Ocean Basins / Peter T. Harris and Miles Macmillan-Lawler Drivers of Seafloor Geomorphic Change / Angelo Camerlenghi Shallow Coastal Landforms / Fantina Madricardo and Federica Rizzetto Continental Shelf Landforms / Ruth Durán and Jorge Guillén Submarine Glacial Landforms / Christine L. Batchelor, Julian A. Dowdeswell and Dag Ottesen Submarine Landslides / Joshu Mountjoy and Aaron Micallef Submarine Canyons and Gullies / David Amblas, Silvia Ceramicola, Thomas P. Gerber, Miquel Canals, Francesco L. Chiocci, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Peter T. Harris, Veerle A.I. Huvenne, Steven Y.J. Lai, Galderic Lastras, Claudio Lo Iacono, Aaron Micallef, Joshu J. Mountjoy, Charles K. Paull, Pere Puig and Anna Sanchez-Vidal Submarine Fans and Their Channels, Levees, and Lobes / Mark E. Deptuck and Zoltán Sylvester Contourite Drifts and Associated Bedforms / Ibimina Esentia, Dorrik Stow and Zeinab Smillie Volcanic Islands and Seamounts / Daniele Casalbore Mid-ocean Ridges / Neil C. Mitchell Cold Seep Systems / Silvia Ceramicola, Stéphanie Dupré, Luis Somoza and John Woodside Abyssal Hills and Abyssal Plains / Marie-Helene Cormier and Heather Sloan Oceanic Trenches / Jacob Geersen, David Voelker and Jan H. Behrmann Cold-Water Carbonate Bioconstructions / Claudio Lo Iacono, Alessandra Savini and Daniela Basso Part III Applied Submarine Geomorphology Applied Geomorphology and Geohazard Assessment for Deepwater Development / Roger Moore, Geoff Davis and Oliver Dabson Seabed Mining / Anne Peukert, Sven Petersen, Jens Greinert and François Charlot Fishing Activities / Ferdinand K.J. Oberle, Pere Puig and Jacobo Martín National Programmes: Geomorphological Mapping at Multiple Scales for Multiple Purposes / Terje Thorsnes, Lilja R. Bjarnadóttir, Alexandra Jarna, Nicole Baeten, Gill Scott, Janine Guinan, Xavier Monteys, Dayton Dove, Sophie Green, Joana Gafeira and Alan Stevenson Part IV Conclusion Conclusion / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini Erratum to: Submarine Geomorphology / Aaron Micallef, Sebastian Krastel and Alessandra Savini
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Continuous thermosalinograph oceanography along RV METEOR cruise track M191 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Underway temperature and salinity data was collected along the cruise track with two autonomous thermosalinograph (TSG) systems, each consisting of a SBE21 TSG together with a SBE38 Thermometer. Both systems worked independent from each other throughout the cruise. While temperature is taken at the water inlet in about 5 m depth, salinity is estimated within the interior TSG from conductivity and interior temperature. No correction against independent data was performed for temperature and salinity. Finally, TSG1 was chosen for publication. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.
    Keywords: Calculated from internal temperature and conductivity; Conductivity; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Digital oceanographic thermometer, Sea-Bird, SBE 38; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M191; M191_0_Underway-4; Measurement container; Meteor (1986); Quality flag, salinity; Quality flag, water temperature; Salinity; Seadatanet flag: Data quality control procedures according to SeaDataNet (2010); SUAVE; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, internal; Thermosalinograph; Thermosalinograph (TSG), Sea-Bird, SBE 21 SEACAT; TSG
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 190709 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Water column raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 entire dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M191 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M191 using a Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 16.07.2923 – 05.08.2023 from Algeciras (Spain) to Piraeus (Greece) in the Mediterranean. The main objective of M191 was to extensively map the seafloor (with multibeam echo sounder, sediment echo sounder, and towed magnetometer) and sample (by chain bag dredging) unexplored volcanic structures along the Sicilian Channel Rift Zone (Pantelleria-, Malta- and Linosa-Graben) and the Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone (CGSFZ). Data were recorded in the Italian and Greek EEZ. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Comment; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; EM122; EM122 multibeam echosounder; Event label; Extracted from file; Extracted with MB-System; File content; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M191; M191_0_Underway-3; Meteor (1986); Multibeam; Number of pings; Ship speed; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude; SUAVE
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 828 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Water column raw data (Kongsberg EM710 entire dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M191 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: Raw water column data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M191 using a Kongsberg EM 710 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 16.07.2023 – 05.08.2023 from Algeciras (Spain) to Piraeus (Greece) in the Mediterranean. The main objective of M191 was to extensively map the seafloor (with multibeam echo sounder, sediment echo sounder, and towed magnetometer) and sample (by chain bag dredging) unexplored volcanic structures along the Sicilian Channel Rift Zone (Pantelleria-, Malta- and Linosa-Graben) and the Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone (CGSFZ). Data were recorded in the Italian and Greek EEZ. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Comment; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; EM710; EM710 multibeam echosounder; Event label; Extracted from file; Extracted with MB-System; File content; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M191; M191_0_Underway-2; Meteor (1986); Multibeam; Number of pings; Ship speed; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude; SUAVE
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 8428 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM 122 entire dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M191 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M191 using a Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 16.07.2923 – 05.08.2023 from Algeciras (Spain) to Piraeus (Greece) in the Mediterranean. The main objective of M191 was to extensively map the seafloor (with multibeam echo sounder, sediment echo sounder, and towed magnetometer) and sample (by chain bag dredging) unexplored volcanic structures along the Sicilian Channel Rift Zone (Pantelleria-, Malta- and Linosa-Graben) and the Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone (CGSFZ). Data were recorded in the Italian and Greek EEZ. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Comment; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; EM122; EM122 multibeam echosounder; Event label; Extracted from file; Extracted with MB-System; File content; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M191; M191_0_Underway-3; Meteor (1986); Multibeam; Number of pings; Ship speed; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude; SUAVE
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10424 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Multibeam bathymetry raw data (Kongsberg EM710 entire dataset) of RV METEOR during cruise M191 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M191 using a Kongsberg EM 710 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 16.07.2923 – 05.08.2023 from Algeciras (Spain) to Piraeus (Greece) in the Mediterranean. The main objective of M191 was to extensively map the seafloor (with multibeam echo sounder, sediment echo sounder, and towed magnetometer) and sample (by chain bag dredging) unexplored volcanic structures along the Sicilian Channel Rift Zone (Pantelleria-, Malta- and Linosa-Graben) and the Capo-Granitola-Sciacca Fault Zone (CGSFZ). Data were recorded in the Italian and Greek EEZ. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles.
    Keywords: Bathymetry; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Comment; DAM_Underway; DAM Underway Research Data; Data file recording distance; Data file recording duration; DATE/TIME; ELEVATION; EM710; EM710 multibeam echosounder; Event label; Extracted from file; Extracted with MB-System; File content; Kongsberg datagram raw file name; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M191; M191_0_Underway-2; M191_53-1; Meteor (1986); Multibeam; Number of pings; Ship speed; Sound velocity profiler; Start of data file, depth; Start of data file, heading; Start of data file recording, date/time; Start of data file recording, latitude; Start of data file recording, longitude; Stop of data file, depth; Stop of data file, heading; Stop of data file recording, date/time; Stop of data file recording, latitude; Stop of data file recording, longitude; SUAVE; SVP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10037 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: This review paper considers offshore freshened groundwater (OFG), which is water hosted in sediments and rocks below the seafloor, with a total dissolved solid concentration lower than seawater. We have compiled 〉300 records to demonstrate that freshened groundwater occurs offshore on most continents around the world and has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3. The majority of OFG was deposited when sea level was lower than today and is hosted in sandy sub‐seafloor layers that are located within 55 km of coasts in water depths less than 100 m. We present a range of geochemical, geophysical, and modeling approaches that have successfully been used to investigate OFG systems. We also propose approaches to address key scientific questions related to OFG, including whether it may be used as an unconventional source of potable water in coastal areas.
    Description: Key Points: Most known OFG is located at water depths of 〈100 m within 55 km of the coast, hosted in siliciclastic aquifers in passive margins. Key gaps in knowledge include the extent and function of OFG systems, as well as the mechanism and timing of emplacement. Isotopic tracers, jointly inverted geophysical data and 3‐D hydrological models can help address these knowledge gaps.
    Description: EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Keywords: 551 ; offshore freshened groundwater ; continental margin ; marine hydrogeology ; geochemistry ; geophysics ; modeling
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 8
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    Active degassing across the Maltese Islands (Mediterranean Sea) and implications for its neotectonics (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-22
    Description: The Maltese Islands, located in the central Mediterranean Sea, are intersected by two normal fault systems associated with continental rifting to the south. Due to a lack of evidence for offshore displacement and insignificant historical seismicity, the systems are thought to be inactive and the rift-related deformation is believed to have ceased. In this study we integrate aerial, marine and onshore geological, geophysical and geochemical data from the Maltese Islands to demonstrate that the majority of faults offshore the archipelago underwent extensional to transtensional deformation during the last 20 ka. We also document an active fluid flow system responsible for degassing of CH4 and CO2. The gases migrate through carbonate bedrock and overlying sedimentary layers via focused pathways, such as faults and pipe structures, and possibly via diffuse pathways, such as fractures. Where the gases seep offshore, they form pockmarks and rise through the water column into the atmosphere. Gas migration and seepage implies that the onshore and offshore faults systems are permeable and that they were active recently and simultaneously. The latter can be explained by a transtensional system involving two right-stepping, right-lateral NW-SE trending faults, either binding a pull-apart basin between the islands of Malta and Gozo or associated with minor connecting antitethic structures. Such a configuration may be responsible for the generation or reactivation of faults onshore and offshore the Maltese Islands, and fits into the modern divergent strain-stress regime inferred from geodetic data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 361-374
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Multiple drivers and controls of pockmark formation across the Canterbury Margin, New Zealand (2022)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Basin Research, Wiley, ISSN: 0950-091X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Shallow seabed depressions attributed to focused fluid seepage, known as pock- marks, have been documented in all continental margins. In this study, we dem- onstrate how pockmark formation can be the result of a combination of multiple factors— fluid type, overpressures, seafloor sediment type, stratigraphy and bot- tom currents. We integrate multibeam echosounder and seismic reflection data, sediment cores and pore water samples, with numerical models of groundwa- ter and gas hydrates, from the Canterbury Margin (off New Zealand). More than 6800 surface pockmarks, reaching densities of 100 per km2, and an undefined number of buried pockmarks, are identified in the middle to outer shelf and lower continental slope. Fluid conduits across the shelf and slope include shal- low to deep chimneys/pipes. Methane with a biogenic and/or thermogenic origin is the main fluid forming flow and escape features, although saline and fresh- ened groundwaters may also be seeping across the slope. The main drivers of fluid flow and seepage are overpressure across the slope generated by sediment loading and thin sediment overburden above the overpressured interval in the outer shelf. Other processes (e.g. methane generation and flow, a reduction in hydrostatic pressure due to sea- level lowering) may also account for fluid flow and seepage features, particularly across the shelf. Pockmark occurrence coin- cides with muddy sediments at the seafloor, whereas their planform is elongated by bottom currents.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 10
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    The Role of Fluid Seepage in the Erosion of Mesozoic Carbonate Escarpments (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-29
    Description: Mesozoic submarine carbonate escarpments are erosional features that host box canyons, the formation of which had been attributed to seepage erosion in view of their similarity to subaerial box canyons. The latter had been cited as diagnostic of groundwater activity, although the efficacy of fluid seepage as an erosive agent in bedrock remains controversial. Here we use multibeam echosounder data from the Blake, Campeche, Malta and Florida Escarpments to demonstrate that box canyon formation is, in general, a significant process eroding carbonate escarpments. Numerical modeling based on parameters from the Florida Escarpment shows that box canyons can initiate and retrogressively evolve by fluid seeping via joints, which causes a reduction in rock strength due to fluid pressure and dissolution, resulting in periodic block failure at the canyon head. Box canyon elongation is promoted by an exponential distribution of joint density, an increase in joint density, joints oriented perpendicular and parallel to the escarpment, or an increase in the thickness of the flowing groundwater zone and slope gradient of the escarpment. The angularity of the canyon head decreases with a decrease in joint density and when joint density is uniform, whereas the canyon width is regulated by the extent of the joint set zone. Since the key factors contributing to box canyon formation along the Florida Escarpment appear to characterize the Blake, Campeche and Malta Escarpments, the groundwater model for box canyon formation should be applicable to these escarpments as well.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Submarine carbonate escarpments are cliffs of limestone and dolomite that form anomalously steep topography on the Earth's surface. Box canyons—wide canyons with steep walls and semi‐circular heads—are a common feature in carbonate escarpments and they have been associated with groundwater seepage. In this study, we use seafloor depth information from four carbonate escarpments to show that box canyon erosion is a key process driving their evolution. Numerical modeling, on the other hand, suggests that fluid seeping in conditions similar to those of the Florida Escarpment can result in box canyon formation via periodic failure of the canyon head. Since these conditions at the Florida Escarpment can also be found in other escarpments such as the Blake, Campeche and Malta Escarpments, box canyon formation by groundwater seepage is likely a widespread geological process. The location of box canyons may suggest where fluid is seeping along escarpments and where specialized biological communities may be located. Box canyon formation is unlikely to pose a risk to coastal communities and offshore infrastructure.
    Description: Key Points: Box canyon formation is a significant erosive process across carbonate escarpments. Fluid seeping through joints can drive initiation and retrogressive evolution of box canyons via periodic block failure at the canyon head.
    Description: EC, H2020, H2020 Priority Excellent Science, H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: EC, H2020, H2020 Priority Excellent Science, Marie Skłodowska‐Curie Actions
    Description: EC, FP7, FP7 Marie Curie Actions (MCA)
    Description: Fulbright Association (FULBRIGHT) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010629
    Description: David and Lucile Packard Foundation (PF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000008
    Keywords: ddc:551.3
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
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