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  • 11
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    Pyrolysis process for producing fuel gas (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Solid waste resource recovery in space is effected by pyrolysis processing, to produce light gases as the main products (CH.sub.4, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, CO, H.sub.2O, NH.sub.3) and a reactive carbon-rich char as the main byproduct. Significant amounts of liquid products are formed under less severe pyrolysis conditions, and are cracked almost completely to gases as the temperature is raised. A primary pyrolysis model for the composite mixture is based on an existing model for whole biomass materials, and an artificial neural network models the changes in gas composition with the severity of pyrolysis conditions.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Adsorption of Ammonia on Regenerable Carbon Sorbents (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results are presented on the development of reversible sorbents for the combined carbon dioxide, moisture, and trace-contaminant (TC) removal for use in Extravehicular Activities (EVAs), and more specifically in the Primary Life Support System (PLSS). The currently available life support systems use separate units for carbon dioxide, trace contaminants, and moisture control, and the long-term objective is to replace the above three modules with a single one. Data on sorption and desorption of ammonia, which is a major TC of concern, are presented in this paper. The current TC-control technology involves the use of a packed bed of acid-impregnated granular charcoal, which is non-regenerable, and the carbon-based sorbent under development in this project can be regenerated by exposure to vacuum at room temperature. In this study, several carbon sorbents were fabricated and tested for ammonia sorption. Ammonia-sorption capacity was related to carbon pore structure characteristics, and the temperature of oxidative carbon-surface treatment was optimized for enhanced ammonia-sorption performance.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: JSC-CN-33342 , ICES-2015-179 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 12, 2015 - Jul 16, 2015; Bellevue, WA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    Co-Adsorption of Ammonia and Formaldehyde on Regenerable Carbon Sorbents for the Primary Life Support System (PLSS) (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results are presented on the development of a reversible carbon sorbent for trace-contaminant (TC) removal for use in Extravehicular Activities (EVAs), and more specifically in the Primary Life Support System (PLSS). The current TC-control technology involves the use of a packed bed of acid-impregnated granular charcoal, which is deemed non-regenerable, while the carbon-based sorbent under development in this project can be regenerated by exposure to vacuum at room temperature. Data on concurrent sorption and desorption of ammonia and formaldehyde, which are major TCs of concern, are presented in this paper. A carbon sorbent was fabricated by dry impregnation of a reticulated carbon-foam support with polyvinylidene chloride, followed by carbonization and thermal oxidation in air. Sorbent performance was tested for ammonia and formaldehyde sorption and vacuum regeneration, with and without water present in the gas stream. It was found that humidity in the gas phase enhanced ammonia-sorption capacity by a factor larger than two. Co-adsorption of ammonia and formaldehyde in the presence of water resulted in strong formaldehyde sorption (to the point that it was difficult to saturate the sorbent on the time scales used in this study). In the absence of humidity, adsorption of formaldehyde on the carbon surface was found to impair ammonia sorption in subsequent runs; in the presence of water, however, both ammonia and formaldehyde could be efficiently removed from the gas phase by the sorbent. The efficiency of vacuum regeneration could be enhanced by gentle heating to temperatures below 60 deg.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2016-345 , JSC-CN-36438 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 10, 2016 - Jul 14, 2016; Vienna; Austria
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Monolithic Trace-Contaminant Sorbents Fabricated from 3D-Printed Polymer Precursors (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The current trace-contaminant (TC) removal technology for use in Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) involves the use of a packed bed of acid-impregnated granular charcoal, which is difficult to regenerate. In this paper, results are presented on the development of vacuum-regenerable TC sorbents for use in the Portable Life Support System (PLSS). The sorbents are derived from 3D-printed polymer monoliths (e.g., honeycomb structures), which are then carbonized and activated in order to develop porosity, and also to enhance the TC-sorption capacity. Results are presented on the following aspects of carbon-sorbent development: (1) precursor selection; (2) monolith fabrication; (3) shape retention and strength; (4) carbon surface and porosity characterization; (5) TC-sorption capacity and vacuum-regeneration; (6) pressure drop; and (7) sub-scale sorbent prototype. The use of predominantly microporous monolithic carbon is associated with the following benefits: (a) high TC-sorption capacity; (b) low pressure drop; (c) rapid vacuum (pressure-swing) desorption due to thin monolith walls and low pressure drop; (d) good thermal management (high thermal conductivity and low adsorption/desorption thermal effects associated with physisorption); and (e) good resistance to dusty environments.
    Keywords: Composite Materials; Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: ICES-2019-286 , JSC-E-DAA-TN66841 , International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES); Jul 07, 2019 - Jul 11, 2019; Boston, MA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
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    Pyrolysis processing for solid waste resource recovery (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Solid waste resource recovery in space is effected by pyrolysis processing, to produce light gases as the main products (CH.sub.4, H.sub.2, CO.sub.2, CO, H.sub.2O, NH.sub.3) and a reactive carbon-rich char as the main byproduct. Significant amounts of liquid products are formed under less severe pyrolysis conditions, and are cracked almost completely to gases as the temperature is raised. A primary pyrolysis model for the composite mixture is based on an existing model for whole biomass materials, and an artificial neural network models the changes in gas composition with the severity of pyrolysis conditions.
    Keywords: Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
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    TG-FTIR Study of the Influence of Potassium Chloride on Wheat Straw Pyrolysis (1998)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-03
    Print ISSN: 0887-0624
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5029
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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