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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1623-1626 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 375-385 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An integral equation taking account of the limited resolution of the chromatographic columns is given to relate the gel permeation chromatogram and the true molecular weight distribution function. Three approaches to solve the integral equation are described. The first approach provides a special solution for the log-normal molecular weight distribution function; the other two approaches give two numerical solutions for general distribution functions. The use of these solutions in the treatment of gel permeation chromatography data is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 1589-1596 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In precision gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) work, the spreading (zone spreading) characteristics of the instrument must be calibrated. Standard samples of anionic polystyrene have been used for this purpose. The molecular weight distributions of these standard samples, nevertheless, have not been determined carefully. In this work, several standard polystyrene samples obtained from Pressure Chemical Company were examined by GPC and by sedimentation velocity analysis. The results show that (1) the high molecular weight polystyrene samples have skewed molecular weight distributions as has been suspected and that (2) the present data treatment technique for GPC is effective for these very narrow-distribution samples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 953-963 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Molecular weights of narrow distribution styrene-butadiene block copolymers were determined from combined GPC-intrinsic viscosity data using the universal calibration principle and from GPC data alone using the assumption of weighted average of log molecular weights suggested by Runyon et al. The results indicate that, experimentally for block copolymers in good GPC solvents, the simpler second method is more precise despite the objection on theoretical grounds raised by Ho-Duc and Prud'homme. The calibration curves of polystyrene and polybutadiene in THF were found to be parallel, and the ratio for the two molecular weights at equal elution volume was found to be 1.75, differing from the 2.0 value reported earlier.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 759-762 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 2167-2183 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of craze initiation and growth and its relationship to mechanical properties has been studied in thin films of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine three copolymers which has a spherical rubber domain morphology but varied in rubber content from 20 to 50%. With increasing rubber content, the crazes became longer and less numerous. Widening of the crazes was at least partially responsible for the higher strains achieved in the copolymers, especially for the composition with the highest rubber content where the crazes widened to form micronecks. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that craze initiation and growth at the craze tip occurred by cavitation in the polystyrene phase. Cavitation of the continuous phase rather than the rubber domains was attributed to the concentration of chain-end flaws in the polystyrene. Crazes in the block copolymers followed a meandering pathway and the boundaries between crazed and uncrazed material were indistinct. Incorporation of fibrillated rubber particles into the craze fibrils strengthened the craze. At higher rubber content, the craze widened in the stress direction by voiding and fibrillation, which produced a cellular morphology.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1353-1358 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A stepwise scheme has been devised for the calculation of molecular weight distribution in condensation polymers prepared under the condition of unequal reactivity. In the scheme, a condensation polymerization is arbitrarily subdivided into a number of steps. The polymer obtained in one step is treated as the monomer for the next step. In each of the steps, Flory's distribution for the condensation polymer under equal reactivity is used as the molecular weight distribution for that step. Reactivity variances are incorporated into the calculation through the application of weighing factors on the concentrations of the reacting molecules in each of the steps. The distributions of polymers prepared under other unusual conditions, such as monomers with only limited solubility or endcapping at late stages of the condensation reaction, can also be conveniently calculated by this scheme. The treatment presented in this paper is devoted only to polymers prepared by monomolecular condensation. Extension to bimolecular condensation will not be trivial and will be the subject of another paper. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 381-391 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A stepwise scheme, reported recently for the calculation of molecular weight distributions in AB monomolecular condensation polymers under the condition of unequal reactivity, has been applied to the more common AA, BB bimolecular condensation polymers. In the scheme a condensation polymerization is arbitrarily subdivided into a number of steps. The polymer obtained in one step is treated as the monomer for the next step. In each of the steps, Flory's distribution for condensation polymer under equal reactivity is used as the molecular weight distribution for that step. Reactivity variances are incorporated into the calculation through the application of weighing factors on the concentrations of the reacting molecules in each of the steps. In the bimolecular case, three types of monomers, AA, BB, and AB, must be considered for the intermediate polymerization steps. The required distribution of this trimolecular condensation under equal reactivity conditions is not available and has to be derived. As expected, the application of the scheme to bimolecular condensation is more complex but numerical calculations using the scheme should still be manageable on a desktop computer with suitable memory capacity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 2 (1962), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: α-Chloronaphthalene plus 30 weight percent of dimethylphthalate was the solvent with 0.5% ethyl cellulose as stabilizer. A polymer concentration of 0.0025% gave optimum results. A parameter S which is defined as the difference in temperature between 20% and 50% of the total reduction in phototube output is related linearly to a parameter of the Wesslau distribution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1271-1283 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Six examples were used to illustrate the application of a previously reported method of calculating molecular weight distribution from gel permeation chromatograms. These examples show that the correction for the imperfect resolution of the GPC column is important when the distribution is narrow but minor when the distribution is broad. They show also that the variation of the resolution factor h, defined previously, with eluent volume can be neglected in the calculation. When the chromatograms are very narrow in distribution or when they are complex some difficulties are encountered. The two computer programs written to implement the previously described numerical calculations are shown to be adequate for these difficult cases but there are also limitations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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