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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subtypes of dorsal root ganglion neurons based on different inward currents as measured by whole-cell voltage clamp (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 80 (1989), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: adult mammalian sensory neurons ; whole-cell sodium currents ; patch clamp techniques ; cell culture ; action potentials ; pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological and pharmacological properties distinguished subtypes of adult mammalian dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGn) in monolayer dissociated cell culture. By analogy of action potential waveform and duration, neurons with short duration (SDn) and long duration (LDn) action potentials resembled functionally distinct subtypes of DRGn in intact ganglia. Patch clamp and conventional intracellular recording techniques were combined here to elucidate differences in the ionic basis of excitability of subtypes of DRGn in vitro. Both SDn and LDn were quiescent at the resting potential. Action potentials of SDn were brief (〈 2 msec), sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX, 5–10 nM), exhibited damped firing during long depolarizations, and did not respond to algesic agents applied by pressure ejection. Action potentials of LDn were 2–6 msec in duration, persisted in 30 µM TTX, and fired repetitively during depolarizing current pulses or exposure to algesic agents (e.g., capsaicin, histamine and bradykinin). Whole-cell recordings from freshly dissociated neurons revealed two inward sodium currents (INa; variable with changes in sodium but not calcium concentration in the superfusate) in various proportions: a rapidly activating and inactivating, TTX-sensitive current; and, a slower, TTX (30 μM)-resistant INa. Large neurons, presumable SDn, had predominantly TTX-sensitive current and little TTX-resistant current. The predominent inward current of small neurons, presumably LDn, was TTX-resistant with a smaller TTX-sensitive component. By analogy to findings from intact ganglia, these results suggest that fundamentally different ionic currents controlling excitability of subtypes of DRGn in vitro may contribute to functional differences between subtyes of neurons in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231008
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compartmentalization of mercury in biotic components of terrestrial flood plain ecosystems adjacent to the South River AT Waynesboro, VA (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 57-58 (1991), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Aquatic Hg contamination extending more than 200 km along the South River, South Fork of the Shenandoah River, and Shenandoah River in western VA has been recognized since 1977. Flooding has transported considerable Hg onto the flood plain resulting in highly variable terrestrial soil contamination. At our Waynesboro, VA, old field and forest research sites, this is characteristically 5 to 25 μg Hg g−1 with individual samples containing more than twice that level. Upstream control site soils have concentrations 〈1 μg Hg g−1. Producer and consumer trophic levels were sampled during the summer growing seasons between 1983 and 1985, and analyzed for the presence of Hg. Widespread distribution throughout the ecosystem was observed. Acid washed roots of eight tree and two vine species contained up to 2.9 μg Hg g−1dw and those of one of the 14 herbaceous species sampled, Allium canadense, contained 〉4 μg Hg g−1dw. Lower concentration levels were found in leaves. A moss and 13 fungi were also associated with significant tissue Hg concentrations. Distribution within the animal community includes its presence in three macroinvertebrates (eg. earthworms with 10–16 μg Hg g−1dw total tissue Hg) and several microinvertebrate arthropods. Hg was also found in various tissues of three small mammals, Microtus, Peromyscus, and Blarina (eg. kidney concentrations up to ≈30 μg Hg g−1dw). These data support the hypothesis that Hg residues in river sediments are not sequestered from adjacent terrestrial biotic communities and are an available pool for the extension of bioaccumulation wherever flooding occurs. The concentrations of Hg in these flood plain ecosystems are great enough to invite further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282879
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  • 13
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    Spread of pathological tau proteins through communicating neurons in human Alzheimer’s disease (2020)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-26
    Description: Tau is a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, and animal models have suggested that tau spreads from cell to cell through neuronal connections, facilitated by β-amyloid (Aβ). We test this hypothesis in humans using an epidemic spreading model (ESM) to simulate tau spread, and compare these simulations to observed patterns measured using tau-PET in 312 individuals along Alzheimer’s disease continuum. Up to 70% of the variance in the overall spatial pattern of tau can be explained by our model. Surprisingly, the ESM predicts the spatial patterns of tau irrespective of whether brain Aβ is present, but regions with greater Aβ burden show greater tau than predicted by connectivity patterns, suggesting a role of Aβ in accelerating tau spread. Altogether, our results provide evidence in humans that tau spreads through neuronal communication pathways even in normal aging, and that this process is accelerated by the presence of brain Aβ.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 14
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    Lightning NO x influence on large-scale NO y and O 3 plumes observed over the northern mid-latitudes (2014)
    Co-Action Publishing
    In: Tellus B
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: This paper describes the NO y plumes originating from lightning emissions based on 4 yr (2001–2005) of MOZAIC measurements in the upper troposphere of the northern mid-latitudes, together with ground- and space-based observations of lightning flashes and clouds. This analysis is primarily for the North Atlantic region where the MOZAIC flights are the most frequent and for which the measurements are well representative in space and time. The study investigates the influence of lightning NO x (LNO x ) emissions on large-scale (300–2000 km) plumes (LSPs) of NO y . One hundred and twenty seven LSPs (6% of the total MOZAIC NO y dataset) have been attributed to LNO x emissions. Most of these LSPs were recorded over North America and the Atlantic mainly in spring and summer during the maximum lightning activity occurrence. The majority of the LSPs (74%) is related to warm conveyor belts and extra-tropical cyclones originating from North America and entering the intercontinental transport pathway between North America and Europe, leading to a negative (positive) west to east NO y (O 3 ) zonal gradient with −0.4 (+18) ppbv difference during spring and −0.6 (+14) ppbv difference in summer. The NO y zonal gradient can correspond to the mixing of the plume with the background air. On the other hand, the O 3 gradient is associated with both mixing of background air and with photochemical production during transport. Such transatlantic LSPs may have a potential impact on the European pollution. The remaining sampled LSPs are related to mesoscale convection over Western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea (18%) and to tropical convection (8%). Keywords: lightning NO x emissions, nitrogen species, ozone, plumes, the MOZAIC programme (Published: 18 November 2014) Citation: Tellus B 2014, 66 , 25544, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v66.25544
    Print ISSN: 0280-6509
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0889
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Co-Action Publishing on behalf of The International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm.
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  • 15
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    SME observations of nightglow: An assessment of the chemical production mechanisms (1990)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 16
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    Large wind-turbine projects in the United States wind energy program (1980)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-6105
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-8189
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 17
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    Compartmentalization of mercury in biotic components of terrestrial flood plain ecosystems adjacent to the South River AT Waynesboro, VA (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0049-6979
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2932
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 18
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    Outcome of Children with Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia- an Apparent Predisposition for Extramedullary Relapse and High Salvage Rate. A Single Institution Experience. (2004)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-16
    Description: Background: In pediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), hyperdiploidy (51 to 65 chromosomes and/or DNA index 〉 1.16) comprises approximately 25% of cases and is associated with a favorable prognosis. Aim: To evaluate the clinical and relapse characteristics of children with hyperdiploid (HY) ALL treated at Children’s Hospital of Michigan from 1991 to 2002. Methodology: Children were treated per several successive Pediatric Oncology Group ALL studies. Data was obtained by retrospective chart review. Study end-points were "relapse" or "death" whichever came first. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to study the association of various clinical and biological factors on outcome. Survival curves were drawn using Log-rank test. Results: 139 children diagnosed with ALL were included in the study: 31 (22%) HY-ALL; 108 (88%) non-HY-ALL (Table). In HY-ALL, 11(35%) relapsed: 3 (27%) isolated hematopoietic (HEM); 8 (73%) extra-medullary (EM) [TESTES: 4; TESTIS+HEM: 1; CNS+HEM: 3]. Two (18%) relapsed while on treatment. Non-HY-ALL relapses occurred in 25 (23%): HEM 16 (64%); EM 9 (46%) [TESTIS: 1; TESTIS+HEM: 1; CNS: 6; CNS+HEM: 1]. Thus, HY-ALL children were predisposed to EM involvement at relapse compared to non-HY-ALL (p10 years and Caucasian race were associated with poor EFS (p10 yr) with HY-ALL may require more intensive treatment and monitoring of sanctuary sites to prevent treatment failures. Figure Figure Patient Characterisitcs at Diagnosis Patient characterisitcs Hyperdiploid ALL (n=31) Non-Hyperdiploid ALL (n=108) CAUC: Caucasian; AA: African American; O: Other Median age (yrs) 3.9 (1.3–16.0) 5.8 (3.0–17.0) Race: CAUC/AA/O 21(69%)/ 6(19%)/ 4(12%) 66(61%)/ 28(26%)/ 14(12%) Age〉10 yr 5 (16%) 13 (12%) Male:Female 20 (65%):11(35%) 58 (54%):50(46%) Median follow up (yrs) 5.9 ± 4.0 5.3 ±3.4 Events 11 (35%) 30 (28%)
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 19
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    Recurrent Thromboembolism in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Center. (2009)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: Abstract 2987 Poster Board II-963 Background: Thrombosis in children, though rare, is being increasingly recognized in pediatric tertiary care centers. Most data on children have largely been extrapolated from adults. Comprehensive data about the incidence and risk factors for recurrence of pediatric thrombosis are scarce. Aim: 1) To estimate the incidence of recurrence of thrombosis at a single pediatric tertiary care center and 2) To determine the risk factors for recurrent thrombosis in children. Methods: After local IRB approval, charts of patients (pts) with documented venous or arterial thrombosis admitted or referred to the hematology service from 2001-2008, were reviewed and pertinent data obtained. Data were analyzed using the 17.0 version of SPSS. Results: Preliminary analysis revealed 238 pts (ages 0-30 years) with 183 deep venous (DVT, 75%), 53 arterial (22%) and 2 combined (0.8%) episodes of thrombosis at initial presentation. Of the 183 pts with DVT there were 110 females, 128 males; of pts with arterial strokes there were 21 females, 32 males. Overall 11 pts (4.6%, 6 females, 5 males) had a recurrence, with 91% venous and 9% arterial. Three (27%; 2 females, 1 male) out of the 11 pts had a third recurrence, which were all venous. Sites for recurrence were lower extremity (82%), neck (9%) and thorax (9%). Risk factors for recurrence were positive family history of DVT (7/11; 63.6%), elevation in factor VIII (5/11; 45.5%), proximal lower extremity thrombosis as primary site (5/11; 45.5%), obesity (4/11; 36.4%), the presence of PTTLA (4/11; 36.4%) and the presence of inflammatory bowel disease (27.3%). Heterozygous factor V Leiden and congenital AT III deficiency was present in one pt each (9%) with recurrence. Other congenital thrombophilia traits were not seen in patients with recurrent events. Interestingly, gender, duration of treatment and residual clot after treatment (partial resolution) were not significantly associated with risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Recurrent thrombosis is infrequent in children and a positive family history, elevated factor VIII, and other acquired factors such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Inherited thrombophilia and partial resolution of thrombosis were not associated with recurrence in this series of patients. Larger multi-center trials are needed to identify risk factors for recurrence in children. To our knowledge this is the first pediatric study that has systematically evaluated the incidence and risk factors associated with recurrent pediatric thrombosis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 20
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    Utility of Thromboelastography for the Diagnosis of Von Willebrand Disease (2016)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-02
    Description: Background: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common bleeding disorder. Current gold standard diagnostic testing includes: VWF Activity (VWF:RCo), VWF Antigen (VWF:Ag) and Factor VIII Activity (FVIII). There are many difficulties associated with the current diagnostic methods. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a viscoelastic method of measuring coagulation function. The standard TEG assay has not been thought to be of use in VWD because of the lack of shear stress which is essential for the activation of VWF. Modified TEG using Ristocetin activation has been found to be useful in the diagnosis of VWD. The aims of this study were to evaluate the different parameters of Tissue factor (TF) initiated TEG in patients with VWD, to determine if this assay is sensitive to dysfunctional/low levels of VWF, as this does not require any significant change in procedure except for the use of TF as the activator instead of Kaolin. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who presented for a bleeding disorder workup that had TF initiated TEG analysis and Von Willebrand laboratory tests completed between January 2007 and December 2015 was performed. IRB approval was obtained, and current diagnostic tests for Von Willebrand Disease (CBC with platelet count, VWF:RCo and VWF:Ag, FVIII, ABO blood type; PT, PTT, Fibrinogen) and TF initiated TEG parameters, specifically K-Time and MRTG (Maximum rate of thrombin generation), were compared. To perform the TEG analysis, the citrated whole blood samples were activated using 20mL of 1:10,000 dilution of recombinant human tissue factor (Innovin, Dade Behring) and CaCl2. Results: A total sample size of 160 patients (ages ranging 2 weeks to 18 years) who had a workup for a bleeding disorder that included Von Willebrand studies and TEG were reviewed. Of these 160 patients, 75 patients had a VWF:RCo
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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