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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collapse of loaded fractal trees (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 313 (1985), S. 671-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As a simple example of a fractal tree we consider the two-dimensional structure shown in Fig. 1 and its failure under the application of a vertical load V. Without any failure, the load on each leg of order n is Vn = V/2n cos q/2. We hypothesize that the legs have a statistical distribution of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313671a0
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry: Mantle heterogeneity and convection (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 305 (1983), S. 278-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE nature of mantle heterogeneity and its geodynamic significance was the subject of a recent symposium* catalysed by the presentation of the first on-shore results of IPOD Leg 82 of the Glomar Challenger drilling. The Leg had been designed to study in time and space mantle heterogeneity ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/305278a0
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for chaotic fault interactions in the seismicity of the San Andreas fault and Nankai trough (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 234-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Earthquakes in a zone of crustal deformation are a complex phenomenon. A standard procedure for determining whether a complex system exhibits chaotic behaviour is to study a low-order analogue model. A widely recognized analogue model for seismic faulting is a spring-loaded slider-block system (see ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348234a0
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-plate Tectonics (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 244 (1973), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are many examples of mid-plate tectonics which require an explanation. Oceanic island chains, continental graben and rift valleys, and features which pass from continental areas into oceanic parts of the same plate, are particularly important. We argue that these are the result of crustal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/244337a0
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the Moon's orbit and the origin of life (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 124-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 a, Data on the number of solar days in a year from molluscan shells is compared with the dependence we predicted and the value deduced from satellite observations (Newton11), b, Data on the number of solar days in a lunar month as in a. Error bars are standard deviations of the data, c, Data ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/251124a0
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of Convection within the Moon (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 223 (1969), S. 250-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Convection within the Moon could explain several phenomena, including perhaps the occurrence of maria on the near side but not on the far ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/223250a0
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problem of High Heat Flow and Volcanism associated with Zones of Descending Mantle Convective Flow (1968)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 1041-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On the inshore side of the trenches there commonly occur arcuate strings of islands which are largely built of volcanic material and are frequently the site of current andesitic and basaltic volcanic activity. Recent heat-flow studies of Vacquier and others4 in the sea of Japan, and studies in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2181041a0
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow visualization studies of two-phase thermal convection in a porous layer (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1978), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Convective heat transfer ; Conductive heat transfer ; Water velocity ; Nusselt number ; Water-steam boundary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two-phase thermal convection has been studied in a porous layer heated from below. A water saturated porous layer was heated so that boiling occurred on the lower boundary. In order to observe flow patterns one lateral dimension of the apparatus was made small. At moderate heat fluxes a water zone overlay a two-phase, steam-water zone. Water velocities and streamlines were obtained as well as the location of the two-phase zone for several heat fluxes. Within the water zone heat transfer took place due to both conduction and convection. In the two-phase zone heat transfer took place due to counterpercolation of steam and water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879757
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chaotic seismic faulting with a mass-spring model and velocity-weakening friction (1992)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 138 (1992), S. 569-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Seismicity ; slide-blocks ; chaos ; earthquakes ; fractals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a systematic analysis of the dynamical behavior introduced by fault zone heterogeneities, using a simple mass-spring model with velocity-weakening friction. The model consists of two sliding blocks coupled to each other and to a constant velocity driver by clastic springs. The state of this system can be characterized by the positions of the two blocks relative to the driver. Symmetry stabilizes the system and generates only cyclic behavior. For an asymmetric system where the frictional forces for the two blocks are not equal, the solutions exhibit chaotic behavior. The transition from stable cyclic behavior to chaos is characterized by the period-doubling route to chaos. Lyapunov exponents are computed to quantify the deterministic chaos and to locate the onset of the chaotic evolution in parameter space. In many examples of deterministic chaos, chaotic behavior of a low-order system implies chaos in similar higher order systems. Thus, our results provide substantial evidence that crustal deformation is an example of deterministic chaos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876339
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress accumulation and release on the San Andreas fault (1977)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 115 (1977), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stress in lithosphere ; San Andreas fault ; Viscoelastic relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The San Andreas fault can be divided into locked and free sections. On the locked sections accumulated slip is released in great earthquakes. On the free sections slip is occurring continuously either aseismically or during smaller earthquakes. Stress drops during earthquakes can be estimated from the ratio of short to long period amplitudes and from surface strain. Surface heat flow may provide an upper bound on the absolute stress. The failure or yield stress must reach a maximum at some depth on the fault. This maximum may occur in the near-surface brittle zone or deeper in the plastic zone of the fault. The historic distribution of seismic activity provides information on the stress level. The accumulation of strain and stress on the fault can be predicted using elastic theory. It is necessary, however, to include the viscous coupling of the lithosphere to the asthenosphere in order to fully model the problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637118
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