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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 1984-10-01
    Beschreibung: The characteristics of clouds which have led to airframe icing on an instrumented Beechcraft Super King Air are summarized. The icing encounters occurred at altitudes from 0–8000 m MSL, in summer and winter, in stratiform and cumuliform clouds, and at temperatures from 0 to −30°C. The characteristics of icing encounters in different areas and in different seasons are compared. The fraction of measurements exceeding various threshold values of liquid water content, average liquid water content over a given distance, volume-median droplet diameter, droplet concentration, ice crystal concentration, and potential ice accumulation are given. The effects of these cloud characteristics on aircraft performance were measured by comparing the rate of climb of the aircraft with ice to the rate of climb for the clean aircraft under the same conditions. Most icing encounters led to a reduction in the rate of climb that increased linearly with the path integral of the supercooled liquid water content. The volume-median diameter had little correlation with changes in performance. Some potentially hazardous conditions, which decreased the rate of climb capability of this aircraft by 7–9 m s−1, are also discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0733-3021
    Digitale ISSN: 2163-5366
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 1998-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0169-8095
    Digitale ISSN: 1873-2895
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Elsevier
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: NASA, the FAA, the Department of Defense, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and NOAA are developing techniques for retrieving cloud microphysical properties from a variety of remote sensing technologies. The intent is to predict aircraft icing conditions ahead of aircraft. The Mount Washington Icing Sensors Project MWISP), conducted in April, 1999 at Mt. Washington, NH, was organized to evaluate technologies for the prediction of icing conditions ahead of aircraft in a natural environment, and to characterize icing cloud and drizzle environments. April was selected for operations because the Summit is typically in cloud, generally has frequent freezing precipitation in spring, and the clouds have high liquid water contents. Remote sensing equipment, consisting of radars, radiometers and a lidar, was placed at the base of the mountain, and probes measuring cloud particles, and a radiometer, were operated from the Summit. NASA s Twin Otter research aircraft also conducted six missions over the site. Operations spanned the entire month of April, which was dominated by wrap-around moisture from a low pressure center stalled off the coast of Labrador providing persistent upslope clouds with relatively high liquid water contents and mixed phase conditions. Preliminary assessments indicate excellent results from the lidar, radar polarimetry, radiosondes and summit and aircraft measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): Instrumentation and Photography
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2003-212453 , E-13961 , NAS 1.15:212453 , AIAA Paper 2000-0488 , 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit; Jan 10, 2000 - Jan 13, 2000; Reno, NV; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-13
    Beschreibung: Currently there are two systems that are being developed for the detection of in-flight icing: NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (NIRSS) and current Icing Product (CIP). In-flight icing (IFI) is a significant hazard for the aviation industry. IFI occurs when supercooled liquid water (SLW) comes in contact with, and freezes to, the leading surfaces of an aircraft. Significantly alters aircraft aerodynamic properties: increases the amount of drag on an aircraft and reduces the lift. The objective of this study is to examine how the testbed NIRSS icing severity product and the operational CIP severity product compare to PIREPs of icing severity, and how the NIRSS and CIP compare to each other.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: E-667819 , Aviation Safety Program Annual Technical Meeting; May 10, 2011 - May 12, 2011; St. Louis, MO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: A narrow-beam (1 degree beamwidth), multi-channel (20 to 30 and 89 GHz), polarized (89 vertical and horizontal) radiometer with full azimuth and elevation scanning capabilities has been built with the purpose of improving the detection of in-flight icing hazards to aircraft in the near airport environment. This goal was achieved by co-locating the radiometer with Colorado State University's CHILL polarized Doppler radar and taking advantage of similar beamwidth and volume scan regiments. In this way, the liquid water path and water vapor measurements derived from the radiometer were merged with CHILL's moment fields to provide diagnoses of water phase and microphysics aloft. The radiometer was field tested at Colorado State University's CHILL radar site near Greeley, Colorado, during the summer of 2009. Instrument design, calibration and initial field testing results are discussed in this paper
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/CR-2010-216357 , E-17293
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    In:  CASI
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: This year we were able to further the NIRSS program by re-writing the data ingest and display code from LabVIEW to C++ and Java. This was leveraged by a University of Colorado Computer Science Department Senior Project. The upgrade made the display more portable and upgradeable. Comparisons with research aircraft flights conducted during AIRS-2 were also done and demonstrate reasonable skill in determining cloud altitudes and liquid water distribution. Improvements can still be made to the cloud and liquid logic. The icing hazard index was not evaluated here since that represents work in progress and needs to be made compatible with the new CIP-Severity algorithm. CIP is the Current Icing Potential product that uses a combination decision tree/fuzzy logic algorithm to combine numerical weather model output with operational sensor data (NEXRAD, GOES, METARs and voice pilot reports) to produce an hourly icing diagnosis across the CONUS. The new severity algorithm seeks to diagnose liquid water production through rising, cooling air, and depletion by ice processes. The information used by CIP is very different from that ingested by NIRSS but some common ground does exist. Additionally, the role of NIRSS and the information it both needs and provides needs to be determined in context of the Next Generation Air Traffic System (NGATS). The Weather Integrated Products Team has a plan for an Initial Operating Capability (IOC) to take place in 2012. NIRSS is not explicitly a part of that IOC but should be considered as a follow-on as part of the development path to a 2025 full capability.
    Schlagwort(e): Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation
    Materialart: NASA/CR-2007-215011 , E-16187
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The Alliance Icing Research Study-II (AIRS-II) field program was conducted near Montreal, Canada during the winter of 2003. The NASA Icing Remote Detection System (NIRSS) was deployed to detect in-flight icing hazards and consisted of a vertically pointing multichannel radiometer, a ceilometer and an x-band cloud radar. The radiometer was used to derive atmospheric temperature soundings and integrated liquid water, while the ceilometer and radar were used only to define cloud boundaries. The purpose of this study is to show that the radar reflectivity profiles from AIRS-II case studies could be used to provide a qualitative icing hazard.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2009-215503 , E-16691
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-11
    Beschreibung: The NASA Icing Remote Sensing System (NIRSS) has been under definition and development at NASA Glenn Research Center since 1997. The goal of this development activity is to produce and demonstrate the required sensing and data processing technologies required to accurately remotely detect and measure icing conditions aloft. As part of that effort NASA has teamed with NCAR to develop software to fuse data from multiple instruments into a single detected icing condition product. The multiple instrument approach utilizes a X-band vertical staring radar, a multifrequency microwave, and a lidar ceilometer. The radar data determine cloud boundaries, the radiometer determines the sub-freezing temperature heights and total liquid water content, and the ceilometer refines the lower cloud boundary. Data is post-processed with a LabVIEW program with a resultant supercooled liquid water profile and aircraft hazard depiction. Ground-based, remotely-sensed measurements and in-situ measurements from research aircraft were gathered during the international 2003-2004 Alliance Icing Research Study (AIRS II). Comparisons between the remote sensing system s fused icing product and the aircraft measurements are reviewed here. While there are areas where improvement can be made, the cases examined suggest that the fused sensor remote sensing technique appears to be a valid approach.
    Schlagwort(e): Air Transportation and Safety
    Materialart: NASA/TM-2006-214242 , E-15488
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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