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  • 11
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact and two dimensional detector has been developed for the JT-60U Thomson scattering system, that consists mainly of a proximity focused image intensifier, a 20×12 spatially and spectrally arrayed silicon photodiode, and a data processing unit enabling high repetitive measurement at 1 kHz. To secure a wide spectral bandwidth for an effective detection of the Thomson scattering spectrum, we have introduced a spectrometer and lens systems with enhanced transmission in a longer wavelength, which can compensate for the decreasing characteristic of quantum efficiency of a transmission-mode photocathode used in the image intensifier. The spectral divide of the photodiode array is designed to give its full performance in a wide electron temperature (Te) range of 0.2–15 keV with 12 spectral channels. The application of this newly developed detector to the JT-60U core plasma measurement is also presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and operation performance of the latest ruby Thomson scattering system for the JT-60U are described, which includes many novel approaches to attain the repetitive measurement of 60 spatial points with high resolution (8 mm), precision, and reliability especially for a high temperature and large size tokamak device. A beam combiner composed of a polarizer and a Faraday rotator for two ruby lasers has provided the transient measurement with the minimum time interval of 2 ms in burst operation and the multitime-slice measurement with the repetition rate of 0.5 Hz in normal operation. A newly developed photodiode array detector with high repetitive ability of 1 ms has been used for the high temperature core plasma measurement. A quantitative alignment of collection fiber object field has been utilized for the reliable ne profile measurement. By using Rayleigh scattering light, an in situ inferring method for a coated viewing window transmission has been found to have an effect on the precise correction of electron temperature Te and density ne underestimate for high Te plasmas. Making the most use of this diagnostic in a series of the recent JT-60U reversed shear experiments, the formation of an internal transport barrier even for electrons has been revealed from the clear existence of a steep gradient in both Te and ne profile shapes. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A YAG laser Thomson scattering system has been developed to measure the time evolution of electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) profiles in the JT-60U. Presently this system provides Te and ne periodically every 100 ms (20 ms at the minimum) at 15 spatial channels. A six spectrum channel polychromator, which is a successive interference filter type, was designed to measure a wide Te range (20 eV–20 keV) by using five channels. The sixth channel is used for calibration by Rayleigh scattering. However, we also used the Rayleigh channel to measure Te and ne since the stray light level was very low. As a result, we were able to measure temperatures below 20 eV. The temperature of the silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) is stabilized by a Péltier element so that the gain is kept constant within ±0.5%. The stable performance of the APD enables accurate Te and ne measurement. During plasma operation, the electron temperature is measured over a wide range from the low temperature plasmas in the runaway plasma current tail generated by a killer pellet to the high temperatures of high performance negative shear plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Key objectives of the first ten years of ITER operation are the investigation of the physics of burning plasmas and the demonstration of long-pulse ignited plasma technologies. These include studies of plasma confinement and stability, divertor operation, disruption mitigation and control, noninductive current drive, and steady state operation under conditions when the plasma is heated predominantly by alpha particles. The ITER operational plan envisages two and a half years for commissioning and initial operation with hydrogen plasmas at up to 100 MW of auxiliary heating power when initial tests of divertor operation and evaluation of disruption effects will be made. In order to meet the operational and programmatic goals, it will be necessary to make a wide range of plasma measurements. In this article the preliminary operational plan and physics program are presented and the implications for plasma measurements are outlined. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A beam combine method of two ruby lasers has been developed for the JT-60 Thomson scattering system, that is mainly composed of a polarizer plate and a Faraday rotator. By this method we have achieved a minimum time interval of 2 ms between the two laser pulses homogeneously combined. Also a high energy transmission of more than 95% has been attained. As a result, transient phenomena measurement can be available especially for pellet-injected plasmas by using the Thomson scattering system. The beam combine method applied to JT-60 is very attractive in terms of upgrading a Thomson scattering system to a high repetition diagnostic without any essential change of the existing equipment, and has been working with no serious trouble since 1989. The application of this method to a multilaser system with three or more lasers is also discussed for the practical purpose of improving a repetition rate of high power pulsed laser. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1156-1168 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article is devoted to the theory and experiment of the forced Rayleigh scattering method for measurement of thermal diffusivity of liquids which can be employed in the form of an instrument operated optically in a contact-free manner. The theoretical considerations included are: (1) effect of cell wall, (2) effect of dye, (3) effect of Gaussian beam intensity distribution, (4) effect of heating duration time, and (5) effect of coupled dye and wall for a heavily absorbing sample. The errors caused by inadequate setting of optical conditions are also analyzed: (1) effects of grating thickness and (2) effects of initial temperature amplitude. Experimental verifications of the theory have been carried out through the measurements on toluene and water as standard reference substances. As a result of these experiments and theory, the criteria for optimum measuring conditions became available. To demonstrate the applicability of the present theory and the apparatus, the thermal diffusivities of toluene and methanol have been measured near room temperature under atmospheric pressure. The accuracy of the present measurement is estimated to be ±3%.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1788-1794 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new fully automated apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquids is described. This apparatus has been developed to meet the needs of industrial applications. The principle of the measurement is based on the absolute transient hot-wire method. All data acquisition and instrument control can be performed using a microcomputer. After filling with a sample liquid in a cell the apparatus can automatically measure the thermal conductivity at the desired temperature without any manual procedures. The automated procedures include an algorithm to determine onset time of natural convection. The applicability of the apparatus has been tested to measure the thermal conductivity of toluene at room temperature and the results have an estimated accuracy of ±1.0 to ±1.5% depending on a sample to be measured.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A twenty-channel grating polychromator diagnostic system has been built to measure the temporal evolution of local electron temperatures in JT-60. A cross Czerny–Turner diffraction grating spectrometer is utilized for the measurement of second-harmonic electron cyclotron emission with extraordinary modes in the range 85–300 GHz, in which a grating plate grooved on both faces with different grating periods is applied effectively to yield a wide coverage for the toroidal fields. The grating angle is automatically set up by control of a stepping motor according to the relation of the grating equation. The diffracted light is detected by 20 indium-antimonide hot-electron bolometers cooled at 4.3 K in a modified Solvay cycle cryogenic refrigerator. A typical resolving power of the instrument was measured to be λ/Δλ∼130, providing a spatial resolution of 2.3 cm at the plasma center. The transmission line over ∼38 m long is composed of oversized S-band waveguides. The total transmissivity of this system is estimated to be ∼0.01.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A broadband reflectometric system in O-mode operation has been developed for the density profile determination, MHD and turbulent fluctuation measurement, and evaluation of the particle diffusion coefficient in the JT-60 tokamak. For the profile determination, full Ka-Q band frequencies of BWOs have been swept in 750 μs, in order to minimize the effect of Doppler shift due to the fluctuation of reflection layers. The heterodyne fixed-frequency reflectometer has unveiled its effectiveness to probe MHD activities, diagnosing the m=1 tearing mode oscillations. It has also enabled the observation of the dramatic suppression of edge plasma density fluctuations at the L to H-mode transition in the LHCD limiter plasma. Furthermore, the propagation delay of density pulses has been observed by different fixed-frequency channels during a series of sawteeth, from which the particle diffusion coefficient was evaluated, with a newly proposed method applicable to fully diffusive plasmas.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 29 (1984), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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