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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: The innate immune system is critical for host defense against microbial pathogens, yet many pathogens express virulence factors that impair immune function. Here, we used the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila to understand how the immune system successfully overcomes pathogen subversion mechanisms. L. pneumophila replicates within macrophages by using a type...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2016-06-18
    Description: The Journal of Organic Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00533
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2015-02-12
    Description: Author(s): Truong X. Tran, Xuan N. Nguyen, and Fabio Biancalana We study optical analogs of two-dimensional (2D) Dirac solitons in square binary waveguide lattices with two different topologies in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity. These 2D solitons turn out to be quite robust. We demonstrate that with the found 2D solitons, the coupled mode equations governing ... [Phys. Rev. A 91, 023814] Published Wed Feb 11, 2015
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2015-09-25
    Description: Particulate Matter (PM) pollution is one of the most important air quality concerns in Vietnam. In this study, we integrate ground-based measurements, meteorological and satellite data to map temporal PM concentrations at a 10 × 10 km grid for the entire of Vietnam. We specifically used MODIS Aqua and Terra data and developed statistically-significant regression models to map and extend the ground-based PM concentrations. We validated our models over diverse geographic provinces i.e., North East, Red River Delta, North Central Coast and South Central Coast in Vietnam. Validation suggested good results for satellite-derived PM 2.5 data compared to ground-based PM 2.5 (n = 285, r 2 = 0.411, RMSE = 20.299 μ g m −3 and RE = 39.789%). Further, validation of satellite-derived PM 2.5 on two independent datasets for North East and South Central Coast suggested similar results (n = 40, r 2 = 0.455, RMSE = 21.512 μ g m...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2016-02-25
    Description: Microwave propagation in transmission lines is fundamentally limited in bandwidth and reach by the skin and proximity effects. The resultant current crowding imparts a square-root frequency dependence on attenuation, and ultimately limits the spatial resolution of distributed transmission-line sensors and the data rate of communication systems. In this letter, we numerically analyze the microwave attenuation and impedance in μ m-scale gridded fiber structures with currents arranged in a checkered pattern. The checkered lattice of currents significantly mitigates both the skin and proximity effects, and exhibits an unprecedented bandwidth (in excess of 1 GHz) of frequency-flat attenuation in a relatively small physical footprint (∼0.01 mm 2 ).
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2016-03-03
    Description: The presumption of innocence is sacrosanct in Anglo-legal doctrine, yet how jurors interpret it remains unknown. This experiment manipulated the alleged crime (violent, child, or sexual assault) and the defendant’s physical appearance (good, mediocre, or bad). Following Savage (1954), uncertainty about the guilt of the defendant was conceptualized in terms of prospective jurors’ willingness to gamble about whether the defendant is guilty. For each case, participants were asked to choose between a standard lottery, with specified probability of winning $100 versus nothing, and a trial gamble involving the unspecified probability of guilt (win $100) and innocence (win nothing) for the case presented. Participants indicated a preference to either play the standard lottery or the trial gamble, or indifference between the two options. Once a participant indicated indifference, the probability of guilt was set equal to the probability of winning the standard lottery. Across all 3 types of crimes and all 3 categories of appearance, median participants’ prior odds of guilt were close to 0.50, indicating that prospective jurors generally believed the defendants were just as likely to be guilty as innocent prior to the introduction of any evidence. A main effect for appearance was detected. ‘Bad’ and ‘mediocre’ defendants were perceived to be more likely to be guilty than ‘good’ defendants. There were no differences between the various alleged crimes. Overall, male participants and self-identified Republicans were the most likely to have high (〉0.65) prior probabilities of guilt. Implications for legal doctrine are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 1470-8396
    Electronic ISSN: 1470-840X
    Topics: Mathematics , Law
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Background: Social aspects play an important role in individual health and should be taken into consideration in the long-term care for people with multimorbidity. Purposes: To describe social vulnerability, to examine its correlation with the number of chronic conditions, and to investigate which chronic conditions were significantly associated with the most socially vulnerable state in patients with multimorbidity. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis from the baseline data of the Patient-Centred Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity (PACEinMM) Study. Participants were patients attending primary healthcare settings in Quebec, Canada. A social vulnerability index was applied to identify social vulnerability level. The index value ranges from 0 to 1 (1 as the most vulnerable). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was calculated for the correlation between the social vulnerability index and the number of chronic conditions. Logistic regression was applied to investigate which chronic conditions were independently associated with the most socially vulnerable state. Results: There were 301 participants, mean age 61.0 ± 10.5, 53.2% female. The mean number of chronic health conditions was 5.01 ± 1.82, with the most common being hyperlipidemia (78.1%), hypertension (69.4%), and obesity (54.2%). The social vulnerability index had a median value of 0.13 (range 0.00–0.78). There was a positive correlation between the social vulnerability index and the number of chronic conditions (r = 0.24, p 〈 0.001). Obesity, depression/anxiety, and cardiovascular diseases were significantly associated with the most socially vulnerable patients with multimorbidity. Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between social vulnerability and the total number of chronic conditions, with depression/anxiety, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases being the most related to social vulnerability.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI
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  • 18
  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In this paper, we propose a rateless codes-based communication protocol to provide security for wireless systems. In the proposed protocol, a source uses the transmit antenna selection (TAS) technique to transmit Fountain-encoded packets to a destination in presence of an eavesdropper. Moreover, a cooperative jammer node harvests energy from radio frequency (RF) signals of the source and the interference sources to generate jamming noises on the eavesdropper. The data transmission terminates as soon as the destination can receive a sufficient number of the encoded packets for decoding the original data of the source. To obtain secure communication, the destination must receive sufficient encoded packets before the eavesdropper. The combination of the TAS and harvest-to-jam techniques obtains the security and efficient energy via reducing the number of the data transmission, increasing the quality of the data channel, decreasing the quality of the eavesdropping channel, and supporting the energy for the jammer. The main contribution of this paper is to derive exact closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP), probability of successful and secure communication (SS), intercept probability (IP) and average number of time slots used by the source over Rayleigh fading channel under the joint impact of co-channel interference and hardware impairments. Then, Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Localization is a key-enabling technology for many applications in underwater wireless sensor networks. Traditional approaches for received signal strength (RSS)-based localization often require uniform distribution for anchor nodes and suffer from poor estimates according to unpredictable and uncontrollable noise conditions. In this paper, we establish an RSS-based localization scheme to determine the location of an unknown normal sensor from a certain measurement set of potential anchor nodes. First, we present a practical path loss model for wireless communication in underwater acoustic environments, where anchor nodes are deployed in a random circumstance. For a given area of interest, the RSS data collection is performed dynamically, where the measurement noises and the correlation among them are taken into account. For a pair of transmitter and receiver, we approximate the geometry distance between them according to a linear regression model. Thus, we can obtain a quick access for the range information, while keeping the error, the communication head and the response time low. We also present a method to correct noises in the distance estimate. Simulation results demonstrate that our localization scheme achieves a better performance for certain scenario settings. The successful localization probability can be up to 90%, where the anchor rate is fixed at 10%.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI
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