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  • 11
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    Improved Heat-of-Fusion Energy Storage (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Alkali metal/alkali-halide mixtures proposed for preventing solid buildup during energy recovery. When mixture melts (by absorption of heat of fusion), it forms two immiscible liquids. Salt-rich phase is heavier and has higher melting/recrysallization temperature; so during energy recovery salt crystallizes in this phase first. Since heat exchanger for energy recovery is in lighter metal-rich phase, solids do not form and there is no reduction of heat-recovery efficiency.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-15318 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 7; 1; P. 26
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Regional characteristics relevant to advanced technology cogeneration development (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To assist DOE in establishing research and development funding priorities in the area of advanced energy conversion technoloy, researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory studied those specific factors within various regions of the country that may influence cogeneration with advanced energy conversion systems. Regional characteristics of advanced technology cogeneration possibilities are discussed, with primary emphasis given to coal derived fuels. Factors considered for the study were regional industry concentration, purchased fuel and electricity prices, environmental constraints, and other data of interest to industrial cogeneration.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164697 , JPL-PUB-81-61
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    Preparing for the Future: Ways in Which Industry and Academia are to Work Together for Achieving Excellence in Aerospace Education (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Techno-economic projections for advanced small solar thermal electric power plants to years 1990-2000 (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Advanced technologies applicable to solar thermal electric power systems in the 1990-200 time-frame are delineated for power applications that fulfill a wide spectrum of small power needs with primary emphasis on power ratings less than 10MWe. Projections of power system characteristics (energy and capital costs as a function of capacity factor) are made based on development of identified promising technologies and are used as the basis for comparing technology development options and combinations of these options to determine developmental directions offering potential for significant improvements. Stirling engines, Brayton/Rankine combined cycles and storage/transport concepts encompassing liquid metals, and reversible-reaction chemical systems are considered for two-axis tracking systems such as the central receiver or power tower concept and distributed parabolic dish receivers which can provide efficient low-cost solar energy collection while achieving high temperatures for efficient energy conversion. Pursuit of advanced technology across a broad front can result in post-1985 solar thermal systems having the potential of approaching the goal of competitiveness with conventional power systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-158519 , JPL-PUB-79-25 , DOE/JPL-1060-4
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
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    Hydrogen use projections and supply options (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Reference and expanded use projections were developed to estimate future hydrogen demand. The rationale in the development of these projections, which estimate the growth of hydrogen usage of approximately 1 X 10 to the fifteenth power Btu in 1973 to approximately 5.5 X 10 to the fifteenth power for reference use and 22 X 10 to the fifteenth power Btu for expanded use projections in year 2000. Primary energy sources required to produce these demands are discussed in the light of transition from a low merchant to high merchant supply option.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Miami Univ. First World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Proc., Vol. 3; 25 p
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
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    Metal-halide mixtures for latent heat energy storage (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Alkali metal and alkali halide mixtures are identified which may be suitable for thermal energy storage at temperatures above 600 C. The use of metal-halides is appropriate because of their tendency to form two immiscible melts with a density difference, which reduces scale formation and solidification on heat transfer surfaces. Also, the accumulation of phase change material along the melt interface is avoided by the self-dispersing characteristic of some metal-halides, in particular Sr-SrCl2, Ba-BaCl2, and Ba-BaBr2 mixtures. Further advantages lie in their high thermal conductivities, ability to cope with thermal shock, corrosion inhibition, and possibly higher energy densities.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: In: Solar engineering - 1981; Apr 27, 1981 - May 01, 1981; Reno, NV
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
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    Benefits of hydrogen production research (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An economic analysis of total monetary benefits arising from increased volume and efficiency of hydrogen production from various primary energy sources is carried out. The analysis is based on NASA's projections of future hydrogen demand in terms of both established industrial-chemical uses and new energy system applications, along with the mix of primary energy sources needed to meet this demand. A cost methodology model is worked out with the basic cost elements being plant construction costs, feedstock and energy costs, and operating and labor-related costs. A computer simulation technique was developed and a set of model calculations was performed. Some representative outputs of the computer analysis are displayed and conclusions are drawn on major factors determining the overall savings possible in hydrogen production and on its technological and economic impact.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Conference on Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering; Sep 12, 1976 - Sep 17, 1976; State Line, NV
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 18
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    Hydrogen in the U.S. energy picture (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A study of hydrogen in the U.S. program performed by the Hydrogen Energy Systems Technology (HEST) investigation is reported. Historic production and use of hydrogen, hydrogen use projections, hydrogen supply, economics of hydrogen production and supply, and future research and development needs are discussed. The study found current U.S. hydrogen utilization to be dominated by chemical and petroleum industries, and to represent 3% of total energy consumption. Hydrogen uses are projected to grow by a factor of 5 to 20 during the remainder of this century, and new applications in synthetic fuel from coal manufacture and directly as energy storage or fuel are expected to develop. The study concluded that development of new methods of supplying hydrogen replacing natural gas and petroleum feedstocks with alternate sources such as coal and heavy oils, and electrolysis techniques is imperative.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Hydrogen for energy distribution; Symposium; Jul 24, 1978 - Jul 28, 1978; Chicago, IL
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 19
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    Hydrogen use projections and supply options (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Two projections of future hydrogen demand, based on the Ford technical fix and the Westinghouse nuclear electric economy energy supply and demand scenarios, are analyzed. It is suggested that hydrogen use will increase during the remainder of this century by at least a factor of five, and perhaps by a factor of twenty. Primary energy sources for producing hydrogen are discussed in terms of the transition from low to high demand for hydrogen.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: World Hydrogen Energy Conference; Mar 01, 1976 - Mar 03, 1976; Miami Beach, FL
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 20
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    Development of a Direct Contact Heat Exchanger, Phase 1 Study Report (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Electric power generation from geothermal brine requires, first, bringing the hot brine to the surface and then converting the heat to electric power. Binary conversion schemes were proposed, with the heat transfer between the brine and the working organic fluid taking place in a conventional tube and shell heat exchanger. If the brine is heavily laden with dissolved solids, however, solids buildup on the heat exchanger surfaces leads to a considerable degree of fouling and an accompanying drop in performance is experienced. A possible solution to this problem is the use of a direct contact exchanger with the secondary fluid power cycle. The proposed concept involves the formation of fluid sheets and bells as heat angles. Results of a study concerning the fluid mechanics of such surfaces are given.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-CR-157737 , ME-78-NSG-7229
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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