ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Oscillations and teleconnections; 3. Tropical climates; 4. Middle latitude climates; 5. Climate of the polar realms; 6. Post-glacial climatic change and variability; 7. Urban climates; 8. Human response to climate change; 9. Model interpretation of climate signals; 10. Conclusions and the future of climate research

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Preface. - Acknowledgements. - A tribute to John W. McKlveen. - Editors. - Participants. - INTRODUCTION. - The history of liquid scintillation counting: a personal view. - I. METHODS. - A. Sample preparation and measurement techniques. - Assessment of new features on a commercial liquid scintillation spectrometer for radiocarbon dating. - A combined LSC/NaI system for low-level environmental measurements. - Microvolume liquid scintillation counting with plate counters. - Single photomultiplier technology for scintillation counting in microplates. - Optimization and calibration of a low background liquid scintillation counter for the simultaneous determination of alpha and beta emitters in aqueous samples. - Selectable delay before burst - a novel feature to enhance low-level counting performance. - Comparison of a modified integral counting method and efficiency tracing method for the determination of 222Rn by liquid scintillation counting. - Determination of atmospheric radioactivity using a membrane filter and liquid scintillation spectrometry. - Reliability of activity determined by Cerenkov Measurements in a liquid scintillation counter. - Low-level 241Pu analysis by supported-disk liquid scintillation counting. - The determination of low levels of radium isotopes and radon by delayed-coincidence liquid scintillation spectrometry. - The effect of counting conditions on determining radiostrontium and other beta emitters by liquid scintillation. - Adsorption correction in 45Ca and 89Sr activity determination by liquid scintillation counting. - In-line control of a waste treatment process by solid scintillation counting. - Production of impurities in Benzene synthesis for liquid scintillation counting and its effect on high-precision radiocarbon measurements. - Radiocarbon dating beyond 50.000 years by liquid scintillation counting. - Counting performance and design of 0.3-ml to 10-ml synthetic silica liquid scintillation vials for low-level 14C determination. - B Scintillators and solvents. - The role of auxiliary scintillators for gamma spectroscopy and low-level counting applications. - Analysis of solvent components in commercial liquid scintillation cocktails. - A study of several commercial liquid scintillation cocktails for measurement of low levels of tritium in water. - A meltable thermoplastic scintillator. - Plastic scintillators: some novel applications. - Effect of viscosity on Quench characteristics of solvents for liquid scintillation counting. - C. Alpha measurements. - The growth of a radioanalytical method: alpha liquid scintillation spectrometry. - Alpha liquid scintillation analysis: some recent developments and applications. - Determination of Uranium series radionuclide 231Pa using liquid scintillation counting. - Simultaneous measurement of alpha and beta emissions on ready Cap. - The relation between photomultiplier tube output puls shapes and alpha/beta separation. - Liquid scintillation counting of Plutonium and/or Americium concentrations. - D. Standardization. - Double-label counting of heterogeneous samples. - Throughout and time distribution equations revisited. - The ETDCR method of standardizing 55Fe and 54Mn. - CIEMAT/NIST standardization method extended to anode outputs for beta and electron-capture nuclides. - Liquid scintillation standardization of 133Ba. - II BIOSCIENCE APPLICATIONS. - Liquid scintillation counting in molecular biology. - Recent advances in scintillation proximity assay (SPA) technology. - Biological applications of microplate scintillation counting. - The measurement of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity during virus infection. - Scintillating microtitration plates in immunoassays. - Simple detection method of 32P- and 3H-labeled DNA probes. - "Filterscint": a high efficiency scintillation technique for 3H-labled harvested samples. - An epidemiological study using passive radon measurement by liquid scintillation counting. - III. ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS. - A. Tritium. - Environmental tritium in hydrology: present state (1992). - Continuous tritium effluent water monitor at the Savannah River Site. - A regional network for investigating atmospheric tritium. - Determination of environmental tritium in tree rings. - Electrolytic tritium enrichment of natural water samples for tritium analysis. - B. Radon and Radium. - Measurement of low levels of 222Rn in water with different commercial liquid scintillation counters and pulse-shape analysis. - Determination of 222Rn in drinking water using an alpha/beta liquid scintillation counter. - Liquid scintillation counting measurements of radon from seepage groundwater in lake Biwa, Japan. - Determination of 226Ra in lake sediments by liquid scintillation counting of cocktail-extracted 222Rn. - Determination of 226Ra, 228Ra and 224Ra in water and aqueous solutions by means of liquid scintillation counting. - Measurements of 226Ra, 222Rn and uranium in Ukrainian groundwater using ultra-low-level liquid scintillation counting. - Rapid determination of Ra, Rn, Pb and Po in water using extractive liquid scintillation. - C. Other environmental applications. - The determination of 234Th in oceanic tracer studies by liquid scintillation spectrometry employing [alpha/beta] separation techniques. - Measurement of isotopic uranium in texas drinking water supplies by liquid scintillation with alpha-beta discrimination. - Control of wastewater from a nuclear research institute for compliance by liquid scintillation spectrometry. - A rapid method for determining 89Sr and 90Sr from nuclear accidents. - Beta-Spectrometric determination of 90Sr in water, milk and other samples with an ultra-low-level liquid scintillation counter. - Environmental monitoring of 14C in milk and agricultural samples. - Liquid Scintillation counting of 210Pb in grass and soil. - Simultaneous LSC measurement of K360Co(CN)6 and 114mInEDTA tracers in groundwater. - Current status of liquid Scintillation at Westinghouse Hanford Germany. - Author Index. - Subject index.