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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of particulate peat on the behavior and physiology of the Jamaican reef-building coral Montastrea annularis (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 68 (1982), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Corals in an in situ respirometer exposed to suspended peat during the day greatly decreased net oxygen production, probably due to a reduction of intensity and spectral quality of light reaching the symbiotic zooxanthellae. Net production returned to pre-exposure levels after the chambers were cleared; the corals showed no behavioral effects. In contrast, after exposure during the night, corals displayed clearing behavior (such as extreme distension of the coenosarc and trapping of peat particles in thick clumps of mucus) and an increase in respiration rate comparable to the decrease in net production observed during the daytime exposure. The following morning, net production values were significantly lower than pre-exposure production values although ambient light intensity was slightly higher. This decrease in production as well as a 22% reduction of chlorophyll content in the coral tissue indicated loss of zooxanthellae from the stressed corals. Long-term exposure to such a stress could reduce coral growth rates and substantially alter coral reef communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409589
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light absorption and utilization among hermatypic corals: a study in Jamaica, West Indies (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 96 (1987), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chlorophyll specific absorption coefficient ( $$\bar k$$ c) was measured for zooxanthellae from six hermatypic coral species obtained, where possible, from four depths (1, 10, 30, 50 m) on reef sites near Discovery Bay, Jamaica in February and March 1983. Measurements of photosynthetic rates versus irradiance, as well as cellular and areal chlorophyll a, were also performed on these colonies or sister colonies. Together the data were used to compare minimum quantum requirements (1/Φ m) among species and depths and to assess the importance of light utilization to the growth and depth distribution of these corals. Our data suggest that, although $$\bar k$$ c was found to decrease with depth, interspecific differences in $$\bar k$$ c do not occur for zooxanthellae from the corals investigated. Minimum quantum requirements (1/Φ m) decreased significantly with depth, thereby reflecting an increase in photosynthetic light utilization efficiency with decreasing irradiance. Interspecific differences in 1/Φ m determinations were suggested but not statistically conclusive. We conclude that interspecific differences in gross photosynthesis, and perhaps growth and depth distribution, are primarily attributable to differences in the light utilization capacity of the whole coral, as reflected by the product of $$\bar k$$ c ′ and chlorophyll per unit surface area, and in-situ quantum efficiencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427028
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of Carbohydrates by the Young Calf (1957)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 179 (1957), S. 1299-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Concentrations of reducing sugars (mgm./lOO ml.) in the blood of calves given by mouth various carbohydrates at the rate of 2 gm./lb. body weight. 'Mean values for stated numbers (in parentheses) at given ages We found here that calves up to three weeks of age did badly on a skim milk diet ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1791299a0
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource partitioning by reef corals as determined from stable isotope composition (1989)
    Springer
    Marine biology 100 (1989), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pattern of resource partitioning vs depth by corals collected in February 1983 from Jamaica and the Red Sea was determined from their stable carbon isotope composition. Observations were made on isolated zooxanthellae and corresponding algae-free animal tissue from eight species at four depths over a 50 m bathymetric range. Zooxanthellae δ13C was high in shallow water and became lower as depth increased. This trend correlated significantly with the anual integrated photosynthetic rate. The trend is interpreted according to a “depletion-diffusion” hypothesis; in shallow water, at high rates of photosynthesis, metabolic CO2 is nearly depleted and the supply of CO2 from seawater bicarbonate is limited by diffusion. Since most of the available CO2 is fixed, isotope fractionation is minimal. In deeper water, at lower rates of photosynthesis, metabolic CO2 is ample, and isotope fractionation is greater. Animal tissue δ13C was slightly lower than corresponding zooxanthellae values in shallow water. As depth increased the difference between zooxanthellae and animal tissue δ13C increased and the latter approached the δ13C of oceanic particulate organic carbon. These data suggest that carbon is translocated at all depths and that deep-water corals draw significantly on allocthonous sources of carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391957
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of carbon dioxide concentration on coral photosynthesis (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 75 (1983), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of inorganic carbon concentrations on photosynthetic oxygen evolution of isolated zooxanthellae and coral tips from the hermatypic coral Seriatopora hystrix were measured in the laboratory using an oxygen electrode. Whole coral colonies of Stylophora pistillata were examined in situ, using a bioassay respirometer. Inorganic carbon concentrations above 2.3 mM, the ambient concentration of reef water, generally did not stimulate photosynthesis. These results indicate that inorganic carbon is not limiting to coral photosynthesis and that respiratory carbon dioxide production by the coral host probably has little effect on the photosynthetic rates of its symbiotic zooxanthellae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405992
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the metabolism of bicarbonate 14C and acetate 1-14C and the variability of species lipid compositions in reef corals (1983)
    Springer
    Marine biology 75 (1983), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Branching heads of symbiotic corals were pulse labeled with either 14C-acetate or 14C-bicarbonate for 1.33 h and the distribution and loss of label was then followed for 16d. The patterns of incorporation and washout were similar for both tracers. Non-solvent-extractable radioactivity (1/3 of the total) was divided into a CaCO3 and an organic fraction, both of which exhibited small if any decrease in radioactivity over 16d. In contrast, total solvent extractable (lipid) radioactivity (2/3 of the total) decreased during the washout period with the first half-life for bicarbonate at 2 d, the second at 4 d and the third could not be measured because of the persistence of a constant amount of radioactivity (18% of Day 1 value) from Day 8 to 16. Of the total retained activity, the zooxanthellae fraction contained between 8–18% from Day 1 to 5. The percentage of total animal (host) radioactivity in lipids rose from 35–40% at 0 time after tracer exposure to 70–90% at 60 min. The majority of 14C fixed into lipids was recovered in the fatty acyl moieties and not in the glycerol moiety as had been previously reported a number of times. These studies suggest that photosynthetically fixed carbon is immediately synthesized into lipid, which is translocated to the host. Analyses of the fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerols (TG) and wax esters (WE) of 40 species of coral from a small patch reef were made. In aposymbiotic species the absence of zooxanthellae appeared to be correlated with higher levels of total lipid, lower percentages of saturated fatty acids and lower TG/WE ratios than in species with symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405994
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of drop-by-drop condensation of steam from seawater on a vertical copper tube (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A limited number of tests were made of promoters, their method of application, corrosion resistance, etc.The best promoter found to date is tetrakis octadecyl thio silane (C18H37S)4Si which differs only in parafinic chain length from (C12H25S)4Si which was found to be one of the best promoters for drop-by-drop condensation by Blackman and Dewar (1, 2), Hampson (2, 3), and Osment (4, 5). These compounds are nontoxic.The C18 compound appears to be superior to the C12 compound in that it is less volatile, lower melting (∼34°C), and appears to impart superior oxidation resistance to copper when adsorbed on clean oxide-free metal.Copper tubes can be rapidly cleaned in place by sulfur dioxide or hydrochloric acid in steam, or, if previously promoted by a thio silane, by treatment first with chlorine gas in steam.The thio silanes may be rapidly applied as a 1% solution in octanoic acid injected into the sea-water feed. The acid acts as cleaner and poor promoter, allowing the good promoter molecules to contact the metal tube.The amounts of the best promoters required are in the parts per billion range.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140209
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Futtermittel (1941)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 121 (1941), S. 150-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01383110
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  • 19
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    The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata (2002)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-19
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 20
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    Perturbation and change in coral reef communities (1982)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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