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  • 11
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    A spectral approach to the unification of satellite and conventional temperature data (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A method for combining temperature soundings derived from VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) radiance observations with conventional data is presented. Using data from the Atmospheric Variability Experiment/VAS Ground Truth Field Experiment, temperature profiles from rawinsonde and VAS observations were represented by Fourier cosine series, with harmonic-by-harmonic comparisons performed for collocated pairs as well as the spatial variations of harmonic coefficients. The zeroth and first harmonics in the VAS temperature soundings were combined with higher harmonics determined from conventional data to form a unified dataset. The quality of the unified data was examined by comparing the vertical motion fields derived from a linear balance model with satellite observations of cloud systems. Case studies at 1200 UTC on August 22, 23, and 24, 1983 over the western Atlantic gave good results.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 27; 939-956
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Estimation of area-averaged rainfall over tropical oceans from microwave radiometry - A single channel approach (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper presents a new simple retrieval algorithm for estimating area-time averaged rain rates over tropical oceans by using single channel microwave measurements from satellites. The algorithm was tested by using the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer and a simple microwave radiative transfer model to retrieve seasonal 5-deg x 5-deg area averaged rainrate over the tropical Atlantic and Pacific from December 1973 to November 1974. The brightness temperatures were collected and analyzed into histograms for each season and in each grid box from December 1973 to November 1974. The histograms suggest a normal distribution of background noise plus a skewed rain distribution at the higher brightness temperatures. By using a statistical estimation procedure based upon normally distributed background noise, the rain distribution was separated from the raw histogram. The radiative transfer model was applied to the rain-only distribution to retrieve area-time averaged rainrates throughout the tropics. Despite limitations of single channel information, the retrieved seasonal rain rates agree well in the open ocean with expectations based upon previous estimates of tropical rainfall over the oceans.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 29; 1031-104
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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