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  • 11
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Configurational correlation ; 5-Ethylindanes ; 1 H-nmr spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Starting from (+) (2R) methyl 5′-ethyl-2,2′-spirobiindane-5-carboxylate of known enantiomeric purity 79 optically active, configurationally correlated 5,5′,6′-trisubstituted 2,2′-spirobiindanes (2–7) were prepared for the purpose of testing a “shortened polynomal Ansatz” for chirality functions. Their optical rotations and1H-nmr spectra are reported. In this context several 6-substituted 5-ethylindanes (1) were prepared as model compounds for synthetic transformations.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Ligand parameters ; chirality function ; 2,2′-Spirobiindanes ; 5,5′-disubstituted
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In order to test the semiempirical value of chirality functions in their mathematically most simple form 23 new optically active 5,5′-disubstituted 2,2′-spirobiindanes1 of known chirality and enantiomeric purity were prepared. Thus a set of about hundred compounds is now available with altogether sixteen types of ligands (i.e. substituents including hydrogen); the experimental molar rotation of fifteen compounds is used to determine the value of a ligandspecific parameter occuring in the used chirality polynomial. According to theory this polynomial is an approximation for the total rotation of derivatives with ligands of three different types and it approximates an experimentally separable part of the rotation as far as compounds with four different ligands are concerned. The additional chirality component, occurring exclusively in the case of derivatives with four different types of ligands turns out to be relatively small but not vanishing. Accordingly, the molar rotation predicted by our method is very good for disubstituted spirobiindanes of type1 and rather good for others with three different types of ligands but is distinctly worse for those with four different ligands. The numerical trend, however, is clearly represented even in cases where our calculation in principle refers to a part of the phenomenon only and the predicted absolute configuration is in call cases in agreement with the experiment. An adequate criterion to judge the quality of our approximation is introduced.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen2, 3 und4 wurden im Hinblick auf die Untersuchung ihrer Konfiguration und Konformation — vor allem im Vergleich mit Cyclophanen verwandter Struktur, wie [2.2]Orthocyclophan (1) — dargestellt. Während das Benchrotrenderivat2 in einem Schritt aus1 und Cr(CO)6 zugänglich war, wurden die Ferrocenophane3 und4 ausgehend von einer Wittigreaktion schrittweise aufgebaut: Dabei erhielt man hydroxymethylierte Ferrocenyl-phenyl- und Diferrocenyl-ethylene, in denen — nach Hydrierung zu den entsprechenden Ethanen — die CH2OH-Gruppen in Essigsäurereste umgewandelt wurden. Anschließender Ringschluß und Reduktion der cyclischen Ketone19 und33 lieferten die gewünschten Phane, von denen das Diferrocenoderivat4 als 3:1-Mischung dertrans- undcis-Isomerena bzw.b erhalten wurde. Die konfigurative Zuordnung erfolgte vor allem auf Grund der1H-NMR-Spektren. Die konformativen Möglichkeiten — vor allem von4 — werden kurz diskutiert und vorläufige Konformationen für die Stereoisomeren von4 vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds2, 3, and4 have been prepared for configurational and conformational studies—mainly in comparison with cyclophanes of related structures, such as [2.2]orthocyclophane (1). Whereas the benchrotreno derivative2 was accessible in one step from1 and Cr(CO)6, the ferrocenophanes3 and4 were prepared by a stepwise reaction sequence starting with a Wittig reaction: thereby hydroxymethylated ferrocenyl phenyl and diferrocenyl ethylenes were obtained in which (after hydrogenation to the corresponding ethanes) the CH2OH groups were transformed into acetic acid residues. Subsequent ringclosure and reduction of the cyclic ketones19 and33 afforded the desired phanes, of which the diferroceno derivative4 was obtained as a 3∶1 mixture of thetrans andcis isomersa andb, resp. The configurational assignment was based mainly on the1H-nmr spectra. Conformational possibilities especially of4 are briefly discussed and tentative conformations are assigned to the stereoisomers of4.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: X-ray crystal structure analysis ; 13C- and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy ; exo-exo Chair conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Starting from1-(dimethylaminomethyl)-2-iodo-ferrocene (3) [2.2](1,2)ferrocenophane (2) was prepared in an 8-step synthesis with 17% overall yield. Both from the oxoderivative12 and the ferrocenophane2 puretrans-isomers (12b and2b, resp.) were obtained; the former (12b) was reduced to a separable mixture ofexo andendo 1-hydroxy-ferrocenophanes13a andb, resp. (∼ 3:7), the configurations of which were assigned by the LIS-method. X-ray crystal structure analysis of2b revealed a centrosymmetrical chair conformation. From1H- and13C-NMR spectra both for2b and for the hydroxyderivatives13 a rigidexo-exo chair conformation was deduced.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Bijvoet method ; Circular dichroism ; Chemical and chiroptical correlation ; Configurational stability ; [10]Anulene, 2-Bromo- and 2,7-dibromo-1,6-methano- and 2,7-dibromo-1,6-oxido- and 1,6-imino- ; 2,9-Dibromo-syn-1,6:8,13-diimino- and dioxido[14]anulene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 2,7-Dibrom-1,6-methano[10]anulen (3) und 2,9-Dibrom-syn-1,6:8,13-diimino[14]anulen (9) wurden durch Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose (TAC) in Ethanol quantitativ in ihre Enantiomeren getrennt. Röntgenstruktur-analyse (Bijvoet-Technik) bewies für die rechtsdrehenden Enantiomeren die Chiralität (+)(R)-3 bzw. (+)(S)-9. Ein Vergleich der CD-Spektren ermöglichte die Konfigurationszuordnung weiterer optisch aktiver [10]- und [14]Anulene, die gleichfalls durch Chromato-graphie anTAC erhalten worden waren. Umwandlung von (+)(R)-2-Brom-1,6-methano[10]anulen (2) in den entsprechenden Methylester (−)-4 bestätigte dessen schon früher vorgeschlagene Chiralität (−)(R). Dibrom-1,6-oxido[10]anulen (7) und Dibrom-diimino[14]anulen (9) sind im Gegensatz zum Dioxido[14]anulen (10) bis 250°C optisch stabil. Ihre Inver-sionsbarrieren liegen somit über ∼ 42 kcal (176kJ) mol−1. Die CD-Spektren von mono- und disubstituierten Anulenen (mit C1 bzw. C2-Symmetrie) werden verglichen: Für die [10]Anulene scheint derCottoneffekt um 330 nm konfigurationsspezifisch zu sein, wobei ein positiver Effekt (S)-Chiralität anzeigt — und vice versa. Einige Regelmäßigkeiten bezüglich der chromatographischen Enantiomerentrennung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract 2,7-Dibromo-1,6-methano[10]anulene (3) and 2,9-Dibromo-syn-1,6:8,13-diimino[14]anulene (9) were quantitatively separated into their enantiomers by chromatography on triacetylcellulose (TAC) in ethanol. X-ray structure analysis (Bijvoet technique) established the chiralities (+)(R)-3 and (+)(S)-9 for the dextrorotatory enantiomers. Comparison of the CD spectra allowed the configurational assignment to further optically active [10] and [14] anulenes which were also accessible by chromatography onTAC. Conversion of (+)(R)-2-bromo-1,6-methano[10]anulene (2) into the corresponding methylester (−)-4 confirmed its previously proposed chirality (−)(R). 2,7-Dibromo-1,6-oxido[10]anulene (7) and 2,9-dibromo-syn-diimino[14]anulene (9) are in contrast to the 2,9-dibromo-syn-dioxido[14]anulene (10) optically stable until 250°C. Consequently their inversion barriers are higher than ∼ 42 kcal (176 kJ) mol−1. The CD spectra of mono and disubstituted anulenes (with C1 and C2 symmetry, resp.) are compared: For the [10]anulenes theCotton effect around 330 nm seems to be specific for their configuration with a positive effect indicating (S)-chirality and vice versa. Some regularities concerning the chromatographic resolutions are discussed.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 116 (1985), S. 661-676 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobenzo[f]indane and derivatives ; Mono- and bisanellation ; 2,2′-Spirobiindane ; 1H-nmr and mass spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds26 and32 were prepared by systematic mono- and bisanellation of sixmembered rings to the positions 5,6 and 5′,6′, resp. of 2,2′-spirobiindane.S E acylation and subsequent transformations of the acylgroups afforded many derivatives with substituents in positions 4 and 4′ of the parent compounds which were required for testing semiempirical values of chirality functions. 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobenz[f]indane (9) and several of its 4-substituted derivatives were prepared as models for the anellation and substitution reactions. Tentative preferred conformations of the 4-acylgroups could be deduced from1H-nmr spectra.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 122 (1991), S. 1097-1108 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; Chemical and chiroptical correlation ; Enantioselective chromatography ; Torsional isomers and barriers ; X-ray crystal structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Titelverbindung2 wurde durch Hochdruckreaktion von 1,1′-Bianthryl mit Ethylen oder durch Kupplung von 1-Brom-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano-anthracen (4) als Mischung der Diastereomeren (Mesoform2a und Racemat2b) im Verhältnis von 1.5:1 bzw. 2.3:1 erhalten. Die konfigurative Zuordnung erfolgte sowohl aus den1H- und13C-NMR-Spektren als auch durch Kupplung von linksdrehendem4 zu (−)-2 b. Optisch aktives4 war durch enantioselektive Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose in Ethanol optisch rein zugänglich. Seine Konfiguration wurde durch Umwandlung in die entsprechende Carbonsäure5 (bekannter Chiralität) als (+)(9R) [bzw. (−)(9S)] bestimmt. Damit war auch die Zentrochiralität im erwähnten Kupplungsprodukt (−)-(2b) als (9S)(9′S) festgelegt. Das Racemat2b ist eine Mischung von Rotameren im Verhältnis von 1.8:1. Die Rotationsbarriere wurde (in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur) als ΔG#=92−95 kJ mol−1 sowohl durch1H-NMR-als auch CD-Kinetik (basierend auf der Äquilibrierung der getrennten optisch aktiven Rotameren vonracem.2) ermittelt. Für die letzteren können aufgrund der Annahme bevorzugter Konformationen auch die Symbole für die Axialchiralität vorgeschlagen werden. Für (−)-2b: (9S)(R)a(9′S) für das überpopulierte bzw. (−)-(9S)(S)a(9′S) für das unterpopulierte Rotamer. Diese Annahmen wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen von2a und des Hauptrotamers von2b (mit Torsionswinkeln von −111.1 bzw. −121.2°) bestätigt.
    Notes: Summary The title compound2 was prepared either by highpressure reaction of 1,1′-bianthryl with ethylene or by coupling of 1-bromo-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene (4). Both syntheses afforded a mixture of diastereoisomers (meso2a and racemate2b) in a ratio of 1.5:1 and 2.3:1, respectively. Configurational assignment was possible both from the1H- and13C-NMR spectra and by coupling of laevorotatory4 (accessibly by enantioselective chromatography on triacetyl cellulose in ethanol) to laevorotatory2b. (+)-4 was tranformed into the dextrorotatory carboxylic acid (+)-5 of known configuration (9R) thus establishing the configuration of (+)-4 as (9R) too and hence the centrochirality in (−)-2b as (9S)(9′S). The racemic form2b is a conformational (appr. 1.8:1) mixture of two rotamers. The rotational barrier was established as ΔG #=92−95 kJ mol−1 (depending on the temperature) both by1H-NMR and CD kinetics (based on equilibration of the separated optically active rotamers ofracem.2). For the latter preferred conformations were assumed allowing the assignment of the axial chirality: e.g. (−)-(9S)(R)a(9′S) for the main rotamer of (−)-2 b [and (−)(9S)(S)a(9′S) for the underpopulated one]. All assumptions were confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analyses of2 a and the main rotamer of2b with torsional angles around the 1,1′-bonds of −111.1 and −121.2°, respectively.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 123 (1992), S. 465-467 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Enantioselective chromatography ; Planar chirality ; Circular dichroism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Titelverbindung wurde aus (−)(S) p -2,7-Dibrom-1,6-methano[10]annulen durch Umsetzung mitn-Bu-Li und nachfolgende Reaktion mit D2O dargestellt. Optische Rotationen bei vier Wellenlängen und das Circulardichroismus-Spektrum wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: Summary The title compound was prepared from (−)(S) p -2,7-dibromo-1,6-methano[10]annulene by treatment withn-Bu-Li and subsequent quenching with D2O. The optical rotations at four wavelengths and the circular dichroism spectrum are reported.
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