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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some thoughts on the evolution and ecology of recalcitrant seeds (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Asia
    Plant species biology 15 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: There are substantial scientific reports on the basic physiology and desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds, but ecological and evolutionary aspects of their biology have received scant attention. Recalcitrant seeds are shed hydrated, are desiccation sensitive and have a short lifespan. In vegetative tissue, desiccation sensitivity is probably the ancestral state, but tolerance is thought to have evolved early and a number of times independently. It is difficult to see evolutionary relationships among species producing recalcitrant seeds. However, it is suggested that early evolved seeds were desiccation sensitive and that desiccation tolerance is a derived characteristic. Desiccation sensitivity and short lifespan of recalcitrant seeds places constraints on the range of environmental conditions in which reproductive success can occur. Species producing recalcitrant seeds are common in humid tropical forests, where the seeds of climax species germinate and form a seedling bank, rather than contributing to the soil seed bank. However, there is a wide range in post-shedding physiology among recalcitrant seed species, and recalcitrant seeds do occur in habitats with seasonal climates. Here, regeneration strategies may be more specialized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.2000.00035.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germination-associated events and the desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds — a study on three unrelated species (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 178 (1989), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Araucaria (seed viability) ; Germination (recalcitrant seeds) ; Landolphia (seed viability) ; Scadoxus (seed viability) ; Seed (desiccation sensitivity) ; Viability (retention/loss)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The storage behaviour of recalcitrant seeds was assessed using three diverse species: a gymnosperm, Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze; a herbaceous monocotyledon, Scadoxus membranaceus (Bak.) Friis Nordal; and a woody dicotyledon, Landolphia kirkii Dyer. Seeds were stored under conditions of high relative humidities that maintained seed moisture content and under low relative humidities that caused drying. At regular intervals moisture content was determined, germinability assessed and the ultrastructure of radicle meristem cells examined. Under storage at high relative humidity, seed moisture content was maintained at the original level and subcellular germination events were initiated in the short-term. Such seeds showed enhanced rates of germination when removed from storage and planted. Long-term storage under these conditions resulted in the initiation of subcellular damage which intensified with time and ultimately resulted in the loss of viability. The rate at which germination events proceeded varied among the three species, and could be directly correlated with the period of viability retention under humid storage conditions. Storage under desiccating conditions resulted in subcellular damage and rapid loss of viability. The rate at which the seeds dried varied among the three species. The proportion of water loss tolerated by the different species before loss of viability, correlated with the rate of drying. The storage behaviour of the seeds of these three species is discussed in terms of a previously described model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393194
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the salt glands of the mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., as indicated by the use of selective membrane staining (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 172 (1987), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avicennia (salt gland) ; Eccrine mechanism ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Halophyte ; Salt gland (ultrastructure)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Each salt-excreting gland of the mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsskål) Vierh. consists of two to four collecting cells, one stalk cell, and eight to twelve excretory cells. Differential membrane staining by zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (as a post-fixative) or phosphotungstic acid (as a section-stain) was used to characterise the ultrastructure of the glands. A large amount of tubular endoplasmic reticulum was found in the stalk and excretory cells of the gland, but not in the collecting cells. The ultrastructural arrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum indicates that salt is loaded from the apoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum of the symplasm at the base of the stalk cell, traverses both cell types in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is excreted at the outer edge of the gland by an eccrine-type mechanism. Increasing development of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum accompanied differentiation of the gland cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394585
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: Developmental status, desiccation sensitivity and the state of water in axes of Landolphia kirkii Dyer (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 186 (1992), S. 249-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Desiccation tolerance/sensitivity ; Electrolyte leakage (seeds) ; Embryo axis (desiccation sensitivity) ; Homoiohydrous/recalcitrant seeds ; Seed (development, desiccation) ; Water state (seed desiccation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The desiccation sensitivity in relation to the stage of development was investigated in embryonic axes from the homoiohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds of Landolphia kirkii. Electrolyte leakage, used to assess membrane damage after flash (very rapid) drying, indicated that axes from immature (non-germinable) seeds were the most desiccation-tolerant, followed by those from mature seeds, while axes from seeds germinated for increasing times were progressively more desiccation-sensitive. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the relationship between desiccation sensitivity and the properties of water in the tissues. Axes from immature seeds had a lower content of non-freezable water than that of any other developmental stage and a higher enthalpy of melting of freezable water. For mature and immature axes electrolyte leakage increased at the point of loss of freezable water. At other developmental stages the water content at which electrolyte leakage increased markedly correlated with the other properties of the water, such as the change in the shape of the melting endotherm and the onset temperature. Ultrastructural studies of axes at the various developmental stages showed changes in the degree and pattern of vacuolation, the presence and quantities of lipid and starch, and the degree of endomembrane development. The results are discussed in relation to current hypotheses on the basis of desiccation tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196255
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteins in development and germination of a desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seed species (1992)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 11 (1992), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Avicennia marina ; desiccation-sensitive ; homoiohydrous ; recalcitrant ; seed development ; storage/LEA/heat-stable proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the recalcitrant seeds of Avicennia marina, protein content and the rates of protein synthesis increase during histodifferentiation. This is similar to the situation in desiccation tolerant seeds. During the stage of reserve accumulation the protein content and rates of synthesis remain constant and there is no de novo synthesis of proteins which might qualify as storage proteins. There is also no change in the nature of proteins present in either axis or cotyledonary tissues during development or germination. Similarly, fluorographs of axis proteins show only very limited changes in the patterns of protein synthesis during development and germination, at least until the onset of root growth. Heat-stable proteins are present from an early developmental stage. However, no late embryogenic abundant (LEA) proteins are synthesised during the late stages of development, indicating that seedling establishment is independent of such maturation proteins. It is suggested that the lack of desiccation tolerance of A. marina seeds might be related to the absence of desiccation-related LEAs. Although the rate of protein synthesis increases during germination, protein metabolism appears to remain qualitatively the same as that occurring during development. The present results suggest that in these desiccation sensitive seeds, protein metabolism characterising development changes imperceptibly into that of germination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024564
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