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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B+C 108 (1981), S. 837-838 
    ISSN: 0378-4363
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Ionics 35 (1989), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0167-2738
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A model for the chemical reduction of platinum tetramine in perfluorinated Nafion® membranes using sodium borohydride as reducer is proposed. A Nernst-Planck equation is employed for the description of ion transport by diffusion and migration and a reaction term accounts for the in situ chemical reduction. Time-dependent concentrations of the diffusing species within the membrane are obtained numerically by an iterative technique until completion of the precipitation. The model assumes that mass transport is limited by diffusion and migration within the membrane and that the concentrations remain constant at the interfaces during the precipitation. The model shows the effect of (i) the reducer concentration in the solution, (ii) the number of precipitation cycles and (iii) the rate of chemical reduction. To check the validity of the model, metallic platinum concentration profiles across the membrane thickness are obtained by electron microprobe analysis. Values of the diffusion coefficients of the diffusing species within the membrane are obtained from conductivity and permeation measurements.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 933-937 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Platinum-based membrane-electrode assemblies have been prepared to make electrochemical measurements of breath alcohol levels. Measurements are made by using a solid polymer electrolyte ethanol-air fuel cell. A diffusion membrane is placed in the feed compartment to limit the cell response by ethanol diffusion. The cell is found suitable for the realization of gaseous ethanol sensors. Reproducible cell responses are obtained over several hundreds of cycles. The cell current is proportional to the ethanol concentration in the feed compartment and to the thickness of the diffusion membrane. The transient response of the cell is simulated using Fickian phenomenological equations. Calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 322-331 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The development of medium size SPE® (Solid Polymer Electrolyte) water electrolysers requires satisfactory membrane-electrode assemblies. Pt-Nafion®-Pt, Pt-Ir-Nafion®-Pt and Pt-Ru-Nafion®-Pt composites have been tested for such applications. Anodic overvoltage, cathodic over-voltage and ohmic drop across the SPE® have been measured in the temperature range of 20 to 80° C and in the current density range 0 to 1 A cm−2 Kinetic parameters for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions have been measured and compared to values obtained in aqueous acid solutions. Electrode structure has been investigated, before and after 2 500 h of continuous electrolysis at 1 A cm−2, by scanning electron microscopy, in order to check electrode stability at high current density. The effect of membrane surface etching on the roughness factors of the electrodes has also been investigated. Life tests performed on bare membranes and SPE composites at various operating pressures are presented and discussed. Results on the poisoning effect of nickel ions added to the feed water of the cells are reported.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 19 (1989), S. 162-166 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new procedure for the preparation of SPE-electrocatalyst composites has been developed. In this procedure, noble metal cationic species are chemically reduced within a solid polymer electrolyte. The metallic particles are not homogeneously distributed across the SPE thickness but predominate near its surfaces. The structure and the distribution of the precipitates, along the membrane thickness have been investigated by scanning electron microprobe analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Application to SPE water electrolysis has been performed using Nafion membranes and platinum-group electrocatalysts. The SPE-electrocatalyst composites prepared according to this new procedure present good electrochemical properties, low catalyst loadings, long-time stability and high energetic efficiencies.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 25 (1995), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of ion-exchange between an aqueous solution of platinum tetramine and a Nafion® 117 membrane in H+ form is studied. Experimental data are collected using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy in dispersive mode. Results are obtained for various platinum tetramine concentrations in the solution and different hydrodynamic regimes at the membrane-solution interface. A shift from a layer diffusion controlled rate (L) to a membrane diffusion controlled rate (M) is observed when the salt concentration and the stirring of the solution are increased. Time dependent fractional concentration in platinum tetramine inside the membrane are computed for the two limiting cases of diffusion (L and M). Good agreement is found between experimental and simulated data. The role of the rate of ion-exchange on the electrochemical performances of electrode-membrane-electrode composites for water electrolysis applications is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 42 (2004), S. 549-553 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper, we present the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity of Cu2Te2O5Br2, a compound where tetrahedra of Cu2+ ions carrying S=1/2 spins form chains along the c-axis of the tetragonal crystal structure. The thermal conductivity κ was measured along both the c- and the a-direction as a function of temperature between 3 and 300 K and in external magnetic fields H up to 69 kOe, oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis. Distinct features of κ(T) were observed in the vicinity of TN=11.4 K in zero magnetic field. These features are unaltered in external fields which are parallel to the c-axis, but are more pronounced when a field is applied perpendicularly to the c-axis. The transition temperature increases upon enhancing the external field, but only if the field is oriented along the a-axis.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Cu2Te2O5X2, with X = Br and Cl, are spin-tetrahedral systems displaying magnetic ordering at low temperatures. We have performed optical reflectivity measurements over a broad spectral range as a function of temperature and magnetic field. We have identified the resonance frequencies of the infrared optically active phonon modes and estimated the value of the electronic gap in both tellurate compounds. No variation of the spectra has been observed while crossing the magnetic ordering transition temperature or by applying a magnetic field. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the nature of the phase transition.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 188 (1981), S. 93-97 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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