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  • 1
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    Coseismic crustal deformations of 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake detected by interferometric JERS 1 synthetic aperture radar (1996)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., Dordrecht, Netherlands, Dr. W. Junk, vol. 101, no. 4, pp. 8605-8614, pp. B03407, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain) ; Earthquake ; Instruments ; SAR ; SARI ; JGR
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Temporal change in P-wave scatterer distribution associated with the M6.1 earthquake near Iwate volcano, northeastern Japan (2001)
    In:  Geophys. J. Int., Bonn, 3-4, vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 48-58, pp. B01401, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Seismology ; Scattering ; P-waves ; Seismic arrays ; Earthquake ; Inhomogeneity ; Volcanology ; Coda (waves, ~ of seismograms) ; GJI
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Hazard predictions for volcanic explosions (2001)
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Basel, Inst. f. Geophys., Ruhr-Univ. Bochum, vol. 106, no. 1-2, pp. 39-51, pp. 2274, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Volcanology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 4
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    Mineral induction by immobilized phosphoproteins (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Dentin phosphoproteins are thought to have a primary role in the deposition of mineral on the collagen of dentin. In this study we determined the type of binding between collagen and phosphoproteins necessary for mineral formation onto collagen fibrils and whether the phosphate esters are required. Bovine dentin phosphophoryn or phosvitin from egg yolk were immobilized on reconstituted skin type I collagen fibrils by adsorption or by covalent cross-linking. In some samples the ester phosphate was removed from the covalently cross-linked phosphoproteins by treatment with acid phosphatase. All samples were incubated at 37 degrees C in metastable solutions that do not spontaneously precipitate. Reconstituted collagen fibrils alone did not induce mineral formation. The phosphoproteins adsorbed to the collagen fibrils desorbed when the mineralization medium was added, and mineral was not induced. The mineral induced by the cross-linked phosphoproteins was apatite, and the crystals were confined to the surface of the collagen fibrils. With decreasing medium saturation the time required for mineral induction increased. The interfacial tensions calculated for apatite formation by either phosphoprotein cross-linked to collagen were about the same as that for phosphatidic acid liposomes and hydroxyapatite. This similarity in values indicates that the nucleation potential of these highly phosphorylated surfaces is about the same. It is concluded that phosphoproteins must be irreversibly bound to collagen fibrils for the mineralization of the collagen network in solutions that do not spontaneously precipitate. The phosphate esters of phosphoproteins are required for mineral induction, and the carboxylate groups are not sufficient.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Bone (ISSN 8756-3282); Volume 21; 4; 305-11
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    A disturbance of the ion tail of Comet Halley and the heliospheric structure as observed by Sakigake (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In order to study the interaction between the solar wind measured by Sakigake and ion tail disturbances of comet Halley, more than 500 photographs of the comet taken on the ground during this apparition are surveyed. The focus of the present study is the December 31, 1985, event, when various types of disturbances occurred, including an outstanding disconnection event (DE)-like knot. Analysis of the Sakigake/IMF data reveals that comet Halley did not encounter the heliospheric neutral sheet on that day, demanding a new explanation for the DE-like event, different from the Niedner-Brandt model. During this event the comet encountered a high-speed solar wind stream from a coronal hole tongue of the sun. The event can be explained by a dynamic pressure model, according to which the DE-like plasmoid was caused by a sudden increase in the dynamic pressure of the solar wind. A result of the simulation work by Ogino is found to support this interpretation.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 821-824
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Three-dimensional structure of the heliosphere as inferred from observations with a Japanese Halley spacecraft (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A sinusoidal neutral line with a pair of giant regions appeared on the sun about one year before the launch of 'Sakigake', the first of two Japanese Comet Halley spacecraft. The Sakigake magnetometer data during the early part of the mission (February-March 1985) are well interpreted by an eastward shift of the tilting neutral sheet. The shift is further explained by an effect of a new giant region appearing at about 10 deg heliolatitude and about 50 deg Carrington longitude in August 1984. The toward polarity ratio of IMF observed by Sakigake changed from about 22 percent in February to about 62 percent in early June and then increased rapidly up to 98 percent. This ratio is interpreted as a decrease of the tilt angle of the sheet down to only about 4 deg. It is the first spacecraft observation of 'the disappearing sector structure' with such small tilt angle.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Structure and dynamics of the plasma tail of comet P/Halley. I - Knot event on December 31, 1985 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: On the basis of about 500 photographs of comet Halley taken by many observers, Saito et al. (1986) classified the detected disturbances of the plasma tail as outstanding rays, streamer, helix, kink, arcade, and disconnection event (DE). In this paper, the interaction of the solar wind with the plasma tail of Comet P/Halley is examined by using results of observations by the Sakigake spacecraft of the December 31, 1985 event, which included various disturbances and one DE-like knot. On the basis of twenty photographs taken on December 31 by Japanese astronomers, the dynamic pressure model proposed by Saito et al. (1986) is examined, and the mechnism of the knot event that appeared in the plasma tail of the comet on December 31, is explained.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 187; 1-2,
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Relationship between the IMF magnitude and Pc 3 magnetic pulsations in the magnetosphere (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The relationships between the IMF magnitude and pulsation frequencies in the Pc 3-4 range simultaneously observed both at synchronous orbit and at low latitudes on the ground are statistically described. A theoretical discussion is given on how these observations can be interpreted in terms of the characteristic frequency of compressional Pc 3-4 magnetic pulsations in the magnetosphere, based on the well-established ion cyclotron resonance mechanism between magnetosonic mode of low-frequency upstream waves and narrowly reflected ion beams in the earth's foreshock.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 9731-974
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Disturbances of both cometary and Earth's magnetospheres excited by single solar flares (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In the solar wind a comet plays the role of a windvane that moves three-dimensionally in the heliomagnetosphere. Among the solar systems bodies, only comets have a wide range of inclination angles of their orbital planes to the ecliptic plane ranging from 0 to 90 deg. Therefore, observations of cometary plasma tails are useful in probing the heliomagnetospheric conditions in the high heliolatitudinal region. A comet can be compared to a polar-orbiting probe encircling the Sun. We will introduce two rare cases in which the magnetospheres of both the comet and the Earth are disturbed by a single solar flare.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1991; p 321-324
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    On the acquisition and representation of procedural knowledge (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Historically knowledge acquisition has proven to be one of the greatest barriers to the development of intelligent systems. Current practice generally requires lengthy interactions between the expert whose knowledge is to be captured and the knowledge engineer whose responsibility is to acquire and represent knowledge in a useful form. Although much research has been devoted to the development of methodologies and computer software to aid in the capture and representation of some of some types of knowledge, little attention has been devoted to procedural knowledge. NASA personnel frequently perform tasks that are primarily procedural in nature. Previous work is reviewed in the field of knowledge acquisition and then focus on knowledge acquisition for procedural tasks with special attention devoted to the Navy's VISTA tool. The design and development is described of a system for the acquisition and representation of procedural knowledge-TARGET (Task Analysis and Rule Generation Tool). TARGET is intended as a tool that permits experts to visually describe procedural tasks and as a common medium for knowledge refinement by the expert and knowledge engineer. The system is designed to represent the acquired knowledge in the form of production rules. Systems such as TARGET have the potential to profoundly reduce the time, difficulties, and costs of developing knowledge-based systems for the performance of procedural tasks.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: Fifth Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research (SOAR 1991), Volume 1; p 108-117
    Format: application/pdf
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