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  • Other Sources  (22)
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  • 1
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    Respiratory weight losses during exercise. (1972)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Evaporative water loss from the respiratory tract was determined over a wide range of exercise. The absolute humidity of the expired air was the same at all levels of exercise and equal to that measured at rest. The rate of respiratory water loss during exercise was found to be 0.019 of the oxygen uptake times (44 minus water vapor pressure). The rate of weight loss during exercise due to CO2-O2 exchange was calculated. For exercise at oxygen consumption rates exceeding 1.5 L/min in a dry environment with a water vapor pressure of 10 mm Hg, the total rate of weight loss via the respiratory tract is on the order of 2-5 g/min.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 32; Apr. 197
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  • 2
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    Peripheral modifications to the central drive for sweating. (1971)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three subjects performed from 15 to 20 bouts of 10-min bicycle ergometer exercise in a 26 C ambient. The procedure imposed a consistent pattern of internal (esophageal) temperature increase in the presence of a constant mean skin temperature. Body weight loss was continuously recorded and rate of evaporative loss due to sweating was calculated during each minute of exercise. It was confirmed that both local and total sweating are functions of internal temperature at a fixed constant mean skin temperature. In the presence of a constant central drive for sweating, the sweating response could be modified at the periphery according to the area-specific characteristics and/or by local temperature.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 31; Dec. 197
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  • 3
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    Effect of skin wettedness on sweat gland response (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Investigation of the effect of skin wettedness upon sweating rate. Several techniques were used to gain a better understanding of the quantitative nature of this effect. The results include the finding that the evaporative power of the environment has a profound effect on the relationship between body temperature and sweating rate.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 35; Nov. 197
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  • 4
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    Thermoregulatory control of finger blood flow (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the present experiment, exercise was used to vary internal temperature and ambient air heat control was used to vary skin temperature. Finger temperature was fixed at about 35.7 C. Esophageal temperature was measured with a thermocouple at the level of the left atrium, and mean skin temperature was calculated from a weighted mean of thermocouple temperatures at different skin sites. Finger blood flow was measured by electrocapacitance plethysmography. An equation in these quantities is given which accounts for the data garnered.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 38; June 197
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  • 5
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    Effect of local cooling on sweating rate and cold sensation (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Subjects resting in a 39 C environment were stimulated in different skin regions with a water-cooled thermode. Results indicate that cooling different body regions produces generally equivalent decreases in sweating rate and increases in cold sensation, with the forehead showing a much greater sensitivity per unit area and temperature decrease than other areas. The high thermal sensitivity of the face may have evolved when it was the thinnest-furred area of the body; today's clothing habits have reestablished the importance of the face in the regulation of body temperature.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Pfluegers Archiv; 354; 1, 19; 1975
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  • 6
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    Forearm blood flow during body temperature transients produced by leg exercise (1975)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Subjects exercised for 30 min on a bicycle ergometer at 30, 50, and 70% of maximal aerobic power in ambient temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 C and vapor pressures of less than 18 torr. Exercise was used to vary internal temperature during an experiment, and different ambient temperatures were used to vary skin temperatures independently of internal temperature. Forearm skin temperature was fixed at about 36.5 C. Esophageal temperature was measured with a thermocouple at the level of the left atrium, and mean skin temperature was calculated from a weighted mean of thermocouple temperatures at eight skin sites. Forearm blood flow was measured by electrocapacitance plethysmography. Data are well accounted for by a linear equation independent of exercise intensity, although some subjects showed an equivocal vasodilator effect of exercise.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 38; Jan. 197
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  • 7
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    Mechanisms of thermal acclimation to exercise and heat (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: By plotting local sweating rate from a given area against the central sweating drive (which is analogous to esophageal temperature, when mean skin temperature is constant), it is possible to determine the characteristic gain constant of that area as well as its point of zero central drive. An increase in the gain constant as a result of acclimation would indicate an increased sensitivity of the sweating mechanism per unit of central sweating drive, i.e., enhanced peripheral sensitivity. A displacement of the point of zero central drive as a result of acclimation would indicate that central mechanisms are responsible for the heightened sweating response. The study was undertaken to provide information about whether central or peripheral physiological mechanisms provide for increased sweating capabilities during acclimation, and about whether the increased sweating capabilities in heat acclimation and physical training are provided for by the same mechanisms.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 37; Oct. 197
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  • 8
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    Energy exchanges of swimming man (1974)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three male swimmers underwent 10-min resting and 20-min swimming (breaststroke) exposures in a swimming flume. Water temperatures in separate exposures were 18, 26, and 33 C. At each water temperature the subjects rested and swam at water velocities of 0.50, 0.75, and 0.95 m/sec, which were designed to produce around 40, 70, and 100% of maximal aerobic power. Measurements were made of esophageal temperature, four skin temperatures, water temperature, heat flow from five local skin surfaces (Hatfield-Turner disks), and oxygen uptake. Calculations were made of mean area-weighted skin temperature and heat flow, metabolic rate, and heat storage. Internal body temperature changes after 20 min of swimming were related to water temperature, swimming intensity, and body composition.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 36; Apr. 197
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  • 9
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    Blood flow and oxygen uptake during exercise (1973)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A model is developed for predicting oxygen uptake, muscle blood flow, and blood chemistry changes under exercise conditions. In this model, the working muscle mass system is analyzed. The conservation of matter principle is applied to the oxygen in a unit mass of working muscle under transient exercise conditions. This principle is used to relate the inflow of oxygen carried with the blood to the outflow carried with blood, the rate of change of oxygen stored in the muscle myoglobin, and the uptake by the muscle. Standard blood chemistry relations are incorporated to evaluate venous levels of oxygen, pH, and carbon dioxide.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
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  • 10
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    Nocturnal lowering of thresholds for sweating and vasodilation (1976)
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effect of the time of day on the relation of the heat-dissipating responses (sweating and vasodilation) to esophageal and mean skin temperatures was investigated. These parameters were measured in six subjects exercised at 60-70% of maximal aerobic power in a 25 deg C ambient. Results indicate that a circadian rhythm in the thresholds for sweating and vasodilation can account for much of the rhythm of internal body temperature. The circadian rhythm in the operation of the thermoregulatory system seems to be expressed through a reference point shared by vasomotor and sudomotor controls.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology; 41; July 197
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