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  • 1
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    Surface ices and the atmospheric composition of Pluto (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Observations of the 1.4- to 2.4-micrometer spectrum of Pluto reveal absorptions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen ices and confirm the presence of solid methane. Frozen nitrogen is more abundant than the other two ices by a factor of about 50; gaseous nitrogen must therefore be the major atmospheric constituent. The absence of carbon dioxide absorptions is one of several differences between the spectra of Pluto and Triton in this region. Both worlds carry information about the composition of the solar nebula and the processes by which icy planetesimals formed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5122; p. 745-748.
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  • 2
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    Ices on the surface of Triton (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The near-infrared spectrum of Triton reveals ices of nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, of which nitrogen is the dominant component. Carbon dioxide ice may be spatially segregated from the other more volatile ices, covering about 10 percent of Triton's surface. The absence of ices of other hydrocarbons and nitriles challenges existing models of methane and nitrogen photochemistry on Triton.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5122; p. 742-745.
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  • 3
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    Compositional Remote Sensing of Icy Planets and Satellites Beyond Jupiter (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The peak of the solar energy distribution occurs at visual wavelengths and falls off rapidly in the infrared. This fact, improvements in infrared detector technology, and the low surface temperatures for most icy objects in the outer solar system have resulted in the bulk of telescopic and spacecraft observations being performed at visual and near-infrared wavelengths. Such observations, begun in the early 1970's and continuing to present, have provided compositional information regarding the surfaces of the satellites of Saturn and Uranus, Neptune's moon Triton, Pluto, Pluto's moon Charon, Centaur objects, and Kuiper belt objects. Because the incident sunlight penetrates the surface and interacts with the materials present there, the measured reflected sunlight contains information regarding the surface materials, and the ratio of the reflected to incident sunlight provides a mechanism of identifying the materials that are present.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Solar System Remote Sensing; 67-68; LPI-Contrib-1129
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  • 4
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    Mid-infrared transmission spectra of crystalline and nanophase iron oxides/oxyhydroxides and implications for remote sensing of Mars (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Ferric-iron-bearing materials play an important role in the interpretation of visible to near-IR Mars spectra, and they may play a similarly important role in the analysis of new mid-IR spacecraft spectral observations to be obtained over the next decade. We review exisiting data on mid-IR transmission spectra of ferric oxides/oxyhydroxides and present new transmission spectra for ferric-bearing materials spanning a wide range of mineralogy and crystallinity. These materials include 11 samples of well-crystallized ferric oxides (hematite, maghemite, and magnetite) and ferric oxyhydroxides (goethite, lepidocrocite). We also report the first transmission spectra for purely nanophase ferric oxide samples that have been shown to exhibit spectral similarities to Mars in the visible to near-IR and we compare these data to previous and new transmission spectra of terrestial palagonites. Most of these samples show numerous, diagnostic absorption features in the mid-IR due to Fe(3+) - 0(2-) vibrational transitions, structural and/or bound OH, and/or silicates. These data indicate that high spatial resolution, moderate spectral resolution mid-IR ground-based and spacecraft observations of Mars may be able to detect and uniquely discriminate among different ferric-iron-bearing phases on the Martian surface or in the airborne dust.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); p. 5297-5307
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  • 5
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    Estimates of absolute flux and radiance factor of localized regions on Mars in the 2-4 micron wavelength region (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: IRTF spectrophotometric observations of Mars obtained during the 1986 opposition are the bases for the present estimates of 2.0-4.15 micron absolute flux and radiance factor values. The bright/dark ratios obtained show a wavelength dependence similar to that observed by Bell and Crisp (1991) in 1990, but the spectral contrast for 1986 is lower than in those observations; this difference could be due to changes in the location, sample are size, and/or suspended atmospheric dust.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 99; 1; p. 42-50.
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  • 6
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    Transmission measurements (4000-400 cm(exp -1), 2.5-25 microns) of crystalline ferric oxides and ferric oxyhydroxides: Implications for Mars (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Transmission spectra of three ferric oxides (two alpha-Fe2O3 samples and one gamma-Fe2O3 sample) and two ferric oxyhydroxides (alpha-FeOOH and gamma-FeOOH) were measured. This preliminary study has demonstrated that crystalline ferric oxides and ferric oxyhydroxides exhibit complex spectral features at thermal wavelengths. Some of these features suggest that thermal infrared observations of Mars can provide significant insight into the ferric mineralogy of that planet. The results of this study suggest that emissivity spectra of crystalline ferric oxides and ferric oxyhydroxides may prove quite important for the interpretation of thermal infrared spectral observations of Mars.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z; p 1165-1166
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  • 7
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    Thermal Emission Spectroscopy of 1 Ceres: Evidence for Olivine (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Thermal emission spectra of the largest asteroid, 1 Ceres, obtained from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory display features that may provide information about its surface mineralogy. The emissivity, obtained by dividing the spectra by a standard thermal model, is compared with emissivity spectra of olivines and phyllosilicates deduced via Kirchoff's law from reflectivity measurements. The spectra provide a fairly good match to fine grained olivines (0 to 5 micrometer size range). The smoothness of the spectrum beyond 18 micrometers is an indication of particles smaller than 50 micrometers. While the abrupt rise in emissivity near 8 micrometers matches many silicates, the distinct emissivity minimum centered near 12.8 micrometers is consistant with iron-poor olivines, but not with phyllosilicates. It suggests the presence of opaques and does not exclude a mixture with organics and fine-grained phyllosilicates.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 8
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    Thermal infrared spectroscopic observations of Mars from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO): Constraints on past climates and weathering products (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spectral observations providing evidence for the presence of volatile-bearing minerals on the surface of Mars were obtained in 1988 and 1990 from the KAO. The 1988 data suggest the presence of 1-3 weight percent (wt%) of carbonate/bicarbonate and 10-15 wt% sulfate/bisulfate associated with martian atmospheric dust. Estimates of the optical depths are approximately 0.60 and approximately 0.35 in 1988 and 1990, respectively.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Airborne Astronomy Symposium on the Galactic Ecosystem: From Gas to Stars to Dust, Volume 73; p 345-348
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  • 9
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    Mid-infrared (5.0-7.0 microns) imaging spectroscopy of the moon from the KAO (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A series of 71 mid-infrared images of a small region of the Moon were obtained from the KAO in October, 1993. These images have been assembled into a 5.0 to 7.0 micron image cube that has been calibrated relative to the average spectrum of this region of the Moon at these wavelengths. The data show that clear, detectable spectral differences exist on the Moon in the mid-IR. Some of the spectral differences are correlated with morphologic features such as craters. Specific spectral features near 5.6 and 6.7 microns may be related to the presence of plagioclase or pyroxene.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Airborne Astronomy Symposium on the Galactic Ecosystem: From Gas to Stars to Dust, Volume 73; p 341-344
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  • 10
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    The Detection of Water Ice in Comet Hale-Bopp (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We present spectra of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 01) covering the range 1.4-2.5 micron that were recorded when the comet was 7 AU from the Sun. These show I)road absorption features at 1.5 and 2.05 micron. We show that some, but not all, of this absorption could be matched by an intimate mixture of water ice and a low albedo material such as carbon on the nucleus. However, we recognize that it is more likely that the ice features are produced by scattering from icy grains in the coma. The absence of absorption at 1.65 micron suggests that this ice is probably in the amorphous state. An unidentified additional component may be required to account for the downward slope at the longwavelength end of the spectrum.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: NASA-CR-203484 , NAS 1.26:203484
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