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  • 1
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    X-ray fluorescence experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The preliminary results from the Sco X-1 and Cyg X-1 obtained from the Apollo 15 X-ray detector data are presented along with preliminary results of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometric data of the lunar surface composition. The production of the characteristic X-rays following the interaction of solar X-rays with the lunar surface is described along with the X-ray spectrometer. Preliminary analyses of the astronomical X-ray observation and the X-ray fluorescence data are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 17 p
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Alpha-particle spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Observation of lunar radon emanation during the Apollo 15 and 16 missions shows the existence of areas with locally high emanation rates. The most conspicuous Rn-222 feature found in the data analysis is a region that includes Aristarchus Crater. The excess emanating power of the Aristarchus region may be an indication of internal activity at that site. There are regions with anomalously high rates of Po-210 activity, which indicates transient phenomena involving the release of Rn-222 gas from certain areas of the moon.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 3
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    Alpha-particle spectrometer experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Mapping the radon emanation of the moon was studied to find potential areas of high activity by detection of radon isotopes and their daughter products. It was felt that based on observation of regions overflown by Apollo spacecraft and within the field of view of the alpha-particle spectrometer, a radon map could be constructed, identifying and locating lunar areas of outgassing. The basic theory of radon migration from natural concentrations of uranium and thorium is discussed in terms of radon decay and the production of alpha particles. The preliminary analysis of the results indicates no significant alpha emission.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 7 p
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  • 4
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    Apollo 15 geochemical X-ray fluorescence experiment - Preliminary report. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Although only part of the information from the X-ray fluorescence geochemical experiment has been analyzed, it is clear that the experiment was highly successful. Significant compositional differences among and possibly within the maria and highlands have been detected. When viewed in the light of analyzed lunar rocks and soil samples, and the data from other lunar orbital experiments (in particular, the Apollo 15 gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment), the results indicate the existence of a differential lunar highland crust, probably feldspathic. This crust appears to be related to the plagioclase-rich materials previously found in the samples from Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, and Luna 16.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 175; Jan. 28
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  • 5
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    The Apollo 15 and 16 X-ray fluorescence experiment (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was flown aboard the Apollo 15 and 16 spacecrafts orbiting the moon. The X-ray instrument was used to produce a chemical map of that portion of the moon covered by the projected ground tracks and illuminated by the sun during the period of flight. The instrument includes three thin windowed proportional counters, two of which have selected X-ray filters. The field of view of the surface is determined by a collimator, while a detector on the opposite side of the spacecraft provides a continuous monitoring of the solar X-ray output. While the number of chemical elements determined was limited to Mg, Al, and Si, these proved to be very important diagnostic elements.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Space Science Instrumentation; 1; Aug. 197
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  • 6
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    Soft X-ray pulsations from PSR 0833-45. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature; 241; Jan. 12
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  • 7
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    A measurement of the angular size of the X- ray source Sco X-1. (1966)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: X-ray emission from Sco X-1 and Crab Nebula sources observed with Aerobee 150
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 8
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    X-ray telescope module for the LAMAR Space Shuttle experiment (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The first of eight X-ray telescopes is under construction for the LAMAR experiment. Each consists of two orthogonal sets of nested confocal one-dimensional parabolic plates of gold-coated float glass, selected for flatness from commercial stock. Each is initially bent to a cylinder by bonding a thin, highly curved titanium sheet to its inactive surface. The final parabolic figure is produced by an automated system which includes seven diode arrays that detect a visible-light line image. Eight precise motorized linear translators operating under the control of a computer, tune the plate to the optimum figure. The plate is then fixed in position by epoxy bonds. The precision of the system is several arcsec, but the intrinsic flatness of the glass is expected to limit the half-power diameter (HPD) of the telescope to about 25 arcsec.
    Keywords: OPTICS
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  • 9
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    The LAMAR telescope module for high throughput imaging and spectroscopy (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror assemblies for the LAMAR experiment of the Space Shuttle are described. The aperture is 20 cm x 30 cm and the distance from the front of the mirror to the focal plane is 3.4 m. The reflectors are made from 1.8 mm gold coated float glass. A prototype brassboard mirror was constructed with only one-third of the plates. Its angular resolution is 35 arcsec (HPW) in visible light. X-ray tests over small areas indicate very little scattering. The fabrication technique is applicable to larger mirror systems such as those of XMM. The use of flatter material for the reflectors results in better angular resolution.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: ESA Proceedings of ESA Workshop on a Cosmic X-Ray Spectroscopy Mission; p 177-182
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  • 10
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    Search for a shock wave around the Crab Nebula (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The region surrounding the Crab Nebula is searched for the existence of a shock wave with the imaging instruments of the Einstein Observatory. The search is complicated by the scattering of nebula and pulsar X-rays from the imperfectly polished surfaces of the telescope mirror, as well as from interstellar grains along the line of sight. Both of these effects lead to the appearance of X-ray emission, in the form of an X-ray halo, beyond the boundaries of the nebula filaments. It is shown that the size, shape, and intensity of the halo around the Crab Nebula, above the contribution of mirror scattering, is consistent with what is expected from the scattering from interstellar grains. The upper limit on the X-ray emission from a shock wave is about 1 percent of the total 0.5-4 keV luminosity of the Crab, or about 2 x 10 to the 35th ergs/sec (assuming a distance of 2.2 kpc). This figure applies to a shell whose angular radius is 9 arcminutes. The upper limit is smaller (larger) for a shell of larger (smaller) size. This upper limit is an order of magnitude or more below the flux of Cas A, Tycho, and Kepler SNRs, which are 2 to 3 times younger, but it is still above that of SN 1006.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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