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  • 1
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    Applications of the expanding reflection spread (1962)
    In:  Geophysics, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 981-993, pp. B09407, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1962
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Linear quadratic servo control of a reusable rocket engine (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics (ISSN 0731-5090); 15; 5, Se; 1149-115
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Implementation of a model based fault detection and diagnosis technique for actuation faults of the SSME (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In a previous study, Guo, Merrill and Duyar, 1990, reported a conceptual development of a fault detection and diagnosis system for actuation faults of the Space Shuttle main engine. This study, which is a continuation of the previous work, implements the developed fault detection and diagnosis scheme for the real time actuation fault diagnosis of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The scheme will be used as an integral part of an intelligent control system demonstration experiment at NASA Lewis. The diagnosis system utilizes a model based method with real time identification and hypothesis testing for actuation, sensor, and performance degradation faults.
    Keywords: GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
    Type: In: Annual Health Monitoring Conference for Space Propulsion Systems, 3rd, Cincinnati, OH, Nov. 13, 14, 1991, Proceedings (A93-16401 04-20); p. 248-264.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Spaceflight exposure effects on transcription, activity, and localization of alcohol dehydrogenase in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Although considerable research and speculation have been directed toward understanding a plant's perception of gravity and the resulting gravitropic responses, little is known about the role of gravity-dependent physical processes in normal physiological function. These studies were conducted to determine whether the roots of plants exposed to spaceflight conditions may be experiencing hypoxia. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants were grown in agar medium during 6 or 11 d of spaceflight exposure on shuttle missions STS-54 (CHROMEX-03) and STS-68 (CHROMEX-05), respectively. The analysis included measurement of agar redox potential and root alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, localization, and expression. ADH activity increased by 89% as a result of spaceflight exposure for both CHROMEX-03 and -05 experiments, and ADH RNase protection assays revealed a 136% increase in ADH mRNA. The increase in ADH activity associated with the spaceflight roots was realized by a 28% decrease in oxygen availability in a ground-based study; however, no reduction in redox potential was observed in measurements of the spaceflight bulk agar. Spaceflight exposure appears to effect a hypoxic response in the roots of agar-grown plants that may be caused by changes in gravity-mediated fluid and/or gas behavior.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Plant physiology (ISSN 0032-0889); Volume 113; 3; 685-93
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Changes in soluble sugar, starch, and alcohol dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to N2 diluted atmospheres (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Proper exchange of atmospheric gases is important for normal root and shoot metabolism in plants. This study was conducted to determine how restricted air supply affects foliar carbohydrates, while using the marker enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to report on the oxygenation status of the rootzone. Fourteen-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants grown singly in 7-ml tubes containing agarified nutrient medium were placed in coupled Magenta vessels and exposed for six days to either ambient air or one of six different air/nitrogen dilutions. Redox potential of the agar medium was measured immediately after harvesting and freezing leaf tissue, and then root systems were quickly extracted from the agar and frozen for subsequent analyses. Redox potential measurements indicated that this series of gas mixtures produced a transition from hypoxia to anoxia in the root zones. Root ADH activity increased at higher rates as the redox potential neared anoxic levels. In contrast, ADH mRNA expression quickly neared its maximum as the medium became hypoxic and showed little further increase as it became anoxic. Foliar carbohydrate levels increased 1.5- to 2-fold with decreased availability of metabolic gases, with starch increasing at higher concentrations of air than soluble carbohydrate. The results serve as a model for plant performance under microgravity conditions, where absence of convective air movement prevents replenishment of metabolic gases.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Plant & cell physiology (ISSN 0032-0781); Volume 38; 12; 1354-8
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Oxytropism: a new twist in pollen tube orientation (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Chemical gradients and structural features within the pistil have been previously proposed as factors determining the directionality of pollen tube growth. In this study, we examine the behavior of pollen of eight species germinated in a dynamic oxygen gradient. While the germination rates of some species decreased directly with decreasing oxygen tension, other species showed no decrease in germination at oxygen tensions as low as 2 kPa. In one species, germination was consistently greater at decreased oxygen tensions than at ambient atmospheric levels. In three of the eight species tested, the developing pollen tube showed clear directional growth away from the more-oxygenated regions of the growth medium, while in one species growth was towards the more-oxygenated region. The remaining four species showed random tube growth. The pattern of oxytropic responses among the taxa suggests that this tropic behavior is both widespread and phylogenetically unpredictable.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Planta (ISSN 0032-0935); Volume 213; 2; 318-22
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Medical Aspects of Space Walking (1999)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Dr. Musgrave has acquired extensive experience during a distinguished and impressive career that includes flying as an astronaut on six Shuttle missions, participating in many hours of extravehicular activity, and contributing his myriad talents toward great public service, especially in the area of education. He has a unique perspective as a physician, scientist, engineer, pilot, and scholar. His interests and breadth of knowledge, which astound even the seasoned space enthusiast, have provided the space program an extraordinary scientific and technical expertise. Dr. Musgrave presented a personal perspective on space flight with particular emphasis on extravehicular activity (EVA or space walking), which was copiously illustrated with photographs from many space missions. His theme was two fold: the exacting and detailed preparations required for successful execution of a mission plan and a cosmic view of mankind's place in the greater scheme of things.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Proceedings from the 1998 Occupational Health Conference: Benchmarking for Excellence; 92-93; NASA/CP-1999-208543
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Flight control experiences (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: A multidisciplinary medical-management team at mission control provided Skylab crew support by monitoring health, retrieving and compiling experimental data, assisting in the development of flight plans, and by contributing to in-flight procedures and checklists. Real time computers assisted the flight crews in performing medical and other experiments.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: Biomed. Results from Skylab; p 20-21
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Gravity independence of seed-to-seed cycling in Brassica rapa (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Growth of higher plants in the microgravity environment of orbital platforms has been problematic. Plants typically developed more slowly in space and often failed at the reproductive phase. Short-duration experiments on the Space Shuttle showed that early stages in the reproductive process could occur normally in microgravity, so we sought a long-duration opportunity to test gravity's role throughout the complete life cycle. During a 122-d opportunity on the Mir space station, full life cycles were completed in microgravity with Brassica rapa L. in a series of three experiments in the Svet greenhouse. Plant material was preserved in space by chemical fixation, freezing, and drying, and then compared to material preserved in the same way during a high-fidelity ground control. At sampling times 13 d after planting, plants on Mir were the same size and had the same number of flower buds as ground control plants. Following hand-pollination of the flowers by the astronaut, siliques formed. In microgravity, siliques ripened basipetally and contained smaller seeds with less than 20% of the cotyledon cells found in the seeds harvested from the ground control. Cytochemical localization of storage reserves in the mature embryos showed that starch was retained in the spaceflight material, whereas protein and lipid were the primary storage reserves in the ground control seeds. While these successful seed-to-seed cycles show that gravity is not absolutely required for any step in the plant life cycle, seed quality in Brassica is compromised by development in microgravity.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Planta (ISSN 0032-0935); Volume 210; 3; 400-6
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    [Growth and development of plants in a sequence of generations under the conditions of space flight (experiment Greenhouse-3)] (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The purpose was to study characteristic features of growth and development of several plant generations in space flight in experiment GREENHOUSE-3 as a part of the Russian-US space research program MIR/NASA in 1997. The experiment consisted of cultivation of Brassica rapa L. in board greenhouse Svet. Two vegetative cycles were fully completed and the third vegetation was terminated on day 13 on the phase of budding. The total duration of the space experiment was 122 days, i.e. same as in the ground controls. In the experiment with Brassica rapa L. viable seeds produced by the first crop were planted in space flight and yielded next crop. Crops raised from the ground and space seeds were found to differ in height and number of buds. Both parameters were lowered in the plants grown from the space seeds. The prime course for smaller size and reduced organogenic potential of plantTs reproductive system seems to be a less content of nutrients in seeds that had matured in the space flight. Experiment GREENHOUSE-3 demonstrated principle feasibility of plant reproduction in space greenhouse from seeds developed in microgravity.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine (ISSN 0233-528X); Volume 35; 3; 43-8
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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