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  • 1
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    The response of a spherical tissue-equivalent proportional counter to iron particles from 200-1000 MeV/nucleon (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The radiation environment on board the space shuttle and the International Space Station includes high-Z and high-energy (HZE) particles that are part of the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) spectrum. Iron-56 particles are considered to be one of the most biologically important parts of the GCR spectrum. Tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPCs) are used as active dosimeters on manned space flights. These TEPCs are further used to determine the average quality factor for each space mission. A TEPC simulating a 1-microm-diameter sphere of tissue was exposed as part of a particle spectrometer to (56)Fe particles at energies from 200-1000 MeV/nucleon. The response of TEPCs in terms of mean lineal energy, y(F), and dose mean lineal energy, y(D), as well as the energy deposited at different impact parameters through the detector was determined for six different incident energies of (56)Fe particles in this energy range. Calculations determined that charged-particle equilibrium was achieved for each of the six experiments. Energy depositions at different impact parameters were calculated using a radial dose distribution model, and the results were compared to experimental data.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Radiation research (ISSN 0033-7587); Volume 157; 3; 350-60
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Signatures of Volatiles in the Lunar Proton Albedo (2015)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We find evidence for hydrated material in the lunar regolith using "albedo protons" measured with the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Fluxes of these albedo protons, which are emitted from the regolith due to steady bombardment by high energy radiation (Galactic Cosmic Rays), are observed to peak near the poles, and are inconsistent with the latitude trends of heavy element enrichment (e.g., enhanced Fe abundance). The latitudinal distribution of albedo protons anti-correlates with that of epithermal or high energy neutrons. The high latitude enhancement may be due to the conversion of upward directed secondary neutrons from the lunar regolith into tertiary protons due to neutron-proton collisions in hydrated regolith that is more prevalent near the poles. The CRaTER instrument may thus provide important measurements of volatile distributions within regolith at the Moon and potentially, with similar sensors and observations, at other bodies within the Solar System.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40280 , Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 273; 25-35
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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