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  • 1
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    CART and GSFC raman lidar measurements of atmospheric aerosol backscattering and extinction profiles for EOS validation and ARM radiation studies (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The aerosol retrieval algorithms used by the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) sensors on the Earth Observing Satellite (EOS) AM-1 platform operate by comparing measured radiances with tabulated radiances that have been computed for specific aerosol models. These aerosol models are based almost entirely on surface and/or column averaged measurements and so may not accurately represent the ambient aerosol properties. Therefore, to validate these EOS algorithms and to determine the effects of aerosols on the clear-sky radiative flux, we have begun to evaluate the vertical variability of ambient aerosol properties using the aerosol backscattering and extinction profiles measured by the Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Raman Lidars. Using the procedures developed for the GSFC Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL), we have developed and have begun to implement algorithms for the CART Raman Lidar to routinely provide profiles of aerosol extinction and backscattering during both nighttime and ,daytime operations. Aerosol backscattering and extinction profiles are computed for both lidar systems using data acquired during the 1996 and 1997 Water Vapor Intensive Operating Periods (IOPs). By integrating these aerosol extinction profiles, we derive measurements of aerosol optical thickness and compare these with coincident sun photometer measurements. We also use these measurements to measure the aerosol extinction/backscatter ratio S(sub a) (i.e. 'lidar ratio'). Furthermore, we use the simultaneous water vapor measurements acquired by these Raman lidars to investigate the effects of water vapor on aerosol optical properties.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Nineteenth International Laser Radar Conference; 207-210; NASA/CP-1998-207671/PT1
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  • 2
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    Towards quantifying mesoscale flows in the troposphere using Raman lidar and Sondes (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Water vapor plays an important role in the energetics of the boundary layer processes which in turn play a key role in regulating regional and global climate. It plays a primary role in Earth's hydrological cycle, in radiation balance as a direct absorber of infrared radiation, and in atmospheric circulation as a latent heat energy source, as well as in determining cloud development and atmospheric stability. Water vapor concentration, expressed as a mass mixing ratio (g kg(exp -l)), is conserved in all meteorological processes except condensation and evaporation. This property makes it an ideal choice for studying many of the atmosphere's dynamic features. Raman scattering measurements from lidar also allow retrieval of water vapor mixing ratio profiles at high temporal and vertical resolution. Raman lidars sense water vapor to altitudes not achievable with towers and surface systems, sample the atmosphere at much higher temporal resolution than radiosondes or satellites, and do not require strong vertical gradients or turbulent fluctuations in temperature that is required by acoustic sounders and radars. Analysis of highly-resolved water vapor profiles are used here to characterize two important mesoscale flows: thunderstorm outflows and a cold front passage. The data were obtained at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Site (CART) by the groundbased Department of Energy/Sandia National Laboratories lidar (CART Raman lidar or CARL) and Goddard Space Flight Center Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL). A detailed discussion of the SRL and CARL performance during the IOPs is given by others in this meeting.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Nineteenth International Laser Radar Conference; 403-406; NASA/CP-1998-207671/PT1
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  • 3
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    Spacecraft electric propulsion - Now? (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: JPL Solar Electric 1975 Jupiter Flyby program designed to minimize risks of introducing prime solar electric propulsion into spacecraft
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 4
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    Performance modeling of daytime Raman lidar systems for profiling atmospheric water vapor (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: We describe results from a comprehensive computer model developed to guide optimization of an ultraviolet Raman lidar system for measuring daytime profiles of atmospheric water vapor. Daytime measurements present added challenges because of the difficulties inherent in detecting Raman signals against solar backgrounds. We are pursuing two concepts for optimizing the daytime performance of a Raman lidar system. The first involves operating the system in the solar blind region of the ultraviolet spectrum. The second concept involves operation of the system in a narrowband, narrow field-of-view mode. Calculations for lidar systems based on both concepts are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, 16th International Laser Radar Conference, Part 2; p 667-670
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  • 5
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    Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and aerosol/clouds during the FIRE/SPECTRE field campaign (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Water vapor is one of the most important constituents of the earth's atmosphere. It has a major impact on both atmospheric dynamics and radiative transfer. From a dynamic standpoint, the distribution of water vapor with height determines convective stability which is the major indicator of destructive storm development. Also, water vapor stored in the planetary boundary layer acts as the fuel to intensify severe weather. In regards to radiative transfer, water vapor is the most active IR molecule in the atmosphere. It is more effective in absorbing and emitting IR radiation than either carbon dioxide or methane, and thus plays an important role in global change. The main objective of FIRE (First ISSCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment) was to study the development and radiative characteristics of cirrus clouds. The SPECTRE (Spectral Radiation Experiment) project was designed to acquire the necessary atmospheric observations to compare radiative measurements with radiative transfer theory, with special emphasis on understanding the water vapor spectral continuum. The FIRE/SPECTRE field campaign was conducted during Nov. - Dec. 1991 in Coffeyville, Kansas. A complete understanding of water vapor, its distribution with height, and its temporal variation was important for both experiments.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, 16th International Laser Radar Conference, Part 2; p 663-666
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  • 6
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    Low cost silicon solar arrays (1975)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The economic production of silicon solar cell arrays circumvents p-n junction degradation by nuclear doping, in which the Si-30 transmutes to P-31 after thermal neutron capture. Also considered are chemical purity specifications for improved silicon bulk states, surface induced states, and surface states.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proc. of the 1st ERDA Semiann. Solar Photovoltaic Conversion Program Conf.; p 56-103
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Mariner Mars 1964 power-system design and flight performance. (1967)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Flight performance and power system design of Mariner IV Mars probe
    Keywords: AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
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  • 8
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    A Network Based Approach to Data Access, Visualization, Interactive Analysis and Distribution (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: In today's heterogeneous computing environment of proliferating platforms and operating systems, the Internet, through the World Wide Web (WWW), is becoming the preferred interface to much of the world's archive of digital data.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
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  • 9
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    Marching Cubes in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Isosurface extraction is a common analysis and visualization technique for three-dimensional scalar data. Marching Cubes is the most commonly-used algorithm for finding polygonal representations of isosurfaces in such data. We extend Marching Cubes to produce geometry for data sets that lie in spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems as well as show the steps for derivation of transformations for other coordinate systems.
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  • 10
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    Silicon Sheet Quality is Improved By Meniscus Control (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Better quality silicon crystals for solar cells are possible with instrument that monitors position of meniscus as sheet of solid silicon is drawn from melt. Using information on meniscus height, instrument generates feedback signal to control melt temperature. Automatic control ensures more uniform silicon sheets.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-15384 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 7; 1; P. 92
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