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  • 1
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    Aerosol chemistry during the wet season in central Amazonia - The influence of long-range transport (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The temporal variation in the concentration and chemistry of the atmospheric aerosol over central Amazonia, Brazil, during the 1987 wet season is discussed based on ground and aircraft collected data obtained during the NASA GTE ABLE 2B expedition conducted in April/May 1987. It is found that wet-season aerosol concentrations and composition are variable in contrast to the more uniform biogenic aerosol observed during the 1985 dry season; four distinct intervals of enhanced aerosol concentration coincided with short periods (3 to 5 d) of extensive rainfall. It is hypothesized that aerosol chemistry in Amazonia during the wet season is strongly influenced by long-range transport of soil dust, marine aerosol, and possibly biomass combustion products advected into the central Basin by large-scale tropospheric circulation, producing periodic pulses of material input to local boundary layer air. The resultant wet-season aerosol regime is dynamic, in contrast to the uniformity of natural biogenic aerosols during the dry season.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 16955-16
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A study of a non-deepening tropical disturbance. (1967)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-11
    Beschreibung: Nondeepening synoptic scale tropical disturbance showing dependence on in situ development and decay in upper troposphere
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY
    Materialart: JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    The Research of Dr. Joanne Simpson: Fifty Years Investigating Hurricanes, Tropical Clouds and Cloud Systems (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-29
    Beschreibung: This AMS Meteorological Monographs is dedicated to Dr. Joanne Simpson for her many pioneering research efforts in tropical meteorology during her fifty-year career. Dr. Simpson's major areas of scientific research involved the "hot tower" hypothesis and its role in hurricanes, structure and maintenance of trade winds, air-sea interaction, and observations and the mechanism for hurricanes and waterspouts. She was also a pioneer in cloud modeling with the first one-dimensional model and had the first cumulus model on a computer. She also played a major role in planning and leading observational experiments on convective cloud systems. The launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, a joint U.S.-Japan project, in November of 1997 made it possible for quantitative measurements of tropical rainfall to be obtained on a continuous basis over the entire global tropics. Dr. Simpson was the TRAM Project Scientist from 1986 until its launch in 1997. Her efforts during this crucial period ensured that the mission was both well planned scientifically and well engineered as well as within budget. In this paper, Dr. J. Simpson's nine specific accomplishments during her fifty-year career: (1) hot tower hypothesis, (2) hurricanes, (3) airflow and clouds over heated islands, (4) cloud models, (5) trade winds and their role in cumulus development, (6) air-sea interaction, (7) cloud-cloud interactions and mergers, (8) waterspouts, and (9) TRMM science, will be described and discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): Meteorology and Climatology
    Materialart: AMS Meteorological Monographs Symposium on Cloud Systems, Hurricanes and TRMM; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Air chemistry over the tropical forest of Guyana (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A comparison is made of the atmospheric chemistry within and above the atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical forest of Guyana. The data were gathered by NASA during the Global Tropospheric Experiment program in 1984, with an instrumented aircraft being used to collect data at altitudes of 3.5 km and between 150-450 m. The synoptic data covered concentrations of O3, CO, dimethylsulfide (DMS), halocarbons and isoprene and three different aerosol particulate measurements (DIAL system). The forest boundary layer proved to be a significant sink for O3, and a source for substantial emissions of DMS. Isoprene emitted by the forest was photochemically oxidized and became a source of CO.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 8603-861
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    A study of a non-deepening tropical disturbance (1965)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-29
    Beschreibung: Data from research vessel, instrumented research aircraft, and Tiros VI and Tiros VII SATELLITES to study nondeepening tropical disturbance
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY
    Materialart: NASA-CR-68561
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    GOES satellite imagery for aircraft-based studies of tropospheric chemistry in remote regions (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: This paper discusses the benefits of real-time high resolution GOES satellite imagery, radar, and other meteorological input transmitted to a remote field site where this type of meteorological support is normally not available. Information describing the equipment used to maintain the data flow between NASA-LaRC and the remote site is given. Operational examples demonstrate the usefulness of real-time data in both pre-flight planning and during the actual missions. It is shown that the availability of current high resolution GOES images and the ability to animate and enhance these images allowed near-real-time guidance of an aircraft-based field mission.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: AIAA PAPER 88-0582
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The role of near surface outflow in maintaining convective activity (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Continuous measurements of horizontal velocity, temperature and humidity at the surface over a dense network of stations were used to examine the behavior, at the surface, of a large number of convective storms. Feedback between storm outflow at the surface and the generation of convective cells is demonstrated. The outflow is shown in the surface divergence fields once rain begins, with characteristics common to storms in distinctly different meteorological environments, such as summertime Florida and Illinois. This commencement precedes the occurence of rainfall and radar echo in the location of the cell by some tens of minutes up to more than 100 mins. Given surface measurements with a spacing of no more than 10 km, the direction of propagation, timing of the future occurence of rainfall and the intensity of the rainfall generated in the cell can be determined.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: ESA Nowcasting: Mesoscale Observations and Short-Range Prediction; p 161-167
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The diurnal interaction between convection and peninsular-scale forcing over South Florida (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: One of the outstanding problems in modern meterology is that of describing in detail the manner in which larger scales of motion interact with, influence and are influenced by successively smaller scales of motion. The present investigation is concerned with a study of the diurnal evolution of convection, the interaction between the peninsular-scale convergence and convection, and the role of the feedback produced by the cloud-scale downdrafts in the maintenance of the convection. Attention is given to the analysis, the diurnal cycle of the network area-averaged divergence, convective-scale divergence, convective mass transports, and the peninsular scale divergence. The links established in the investigation between the large scale (peninsular), the mesoscale (network), and the convective scale (cloud) are found to be of fundamental importance to the understanding of the initiation, maintenance, and decay of deep precipitating convection and to its theoretical parameterization.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Monthly Weather Review; 110; June 198
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Atmospheric Transport and Photochemistry of Ozone Over Central Southern Africa During the Southern Africa Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Vertically integrated back and forward trajectories for the 300-200, 700-500 and surface-800 hPa levels are calculated using Pretoria as point of origin for the Southern Africa Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI) period September-October 1992. The transport fields are then combined to show both horizontal and vertical transport of air to and from Pretoria at the different levels. Air transport patterns in the vertical are linked to the occurrence of absolutely stable layers which are also evident in the 16 ozonesonde profiles recorded at Pretoria during SAFARI. The coherence of the stratification based on dynamical and ozone analysis permits the use of mean ozone profiles with air volume fluxes to interpret the ozone in terms of photochemistry and transport within stable layers. Extensive recirculation across the meridional plane at Pretoria implies that advection of ozone is slow and that photochemistry is responsible for the observed vertical structure over central southern Africa in September and October 1992. Requisite ozone formation rates are supported by model analysis of ozone and ozone precursors measured from SAFARI and Transport and Atmospheric Research Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): Environment Pollution
    Materialart: Paper-97JD00170 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0228); 102; D9; 10,623-10,635
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Biomass-burning emissions and associated haze layers over Amazonia (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: The characteristics of haze layers, which were visually observed over the central Amazon Basin during many of the Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment 2A flights in July/August 1985, were investigated by remote and in situ measurements, using the broad range of instrumentation and sampling equipment on board the Electra aircraft. It was found that these layers strongly influenced the chemical and optical characteristics of the atmosphere over the eastern Amazon Basin. Relative to the regional background, the concentrations of CO, CO2, O3, and NO were significantly elevated in the plumes and haze layers, with the NO/CO ratio in fresh plumes much higher than in the aged haze layers. The haze aerosol was composed predominantly of organic material, NH4, K(+), NO3(-), SO4(2-), and organic anions (formate, acetate, and oxalate).
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 1509-152
    Format: text
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