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  • Other Sources  (10)
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Surface compositional and structural aspects of Martian samples (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: There are many excellent reasons to examine the surface composition of a wide range of Martian samples. The existing spectral data indicate that many dust and soil particles have a thin Fe(+3) layer with a typical particle size in the 10 micrometer to 400 micrometer range. In view of the high CO2 content of the atmosphere, one might expect that surface carbonates should be present. In addition to chemisorbed material there will probably exist physisorbed atmospheric components of the atmosphere including oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor. The latter could possibly give rise to some hydrated minerals. Using ultra-high-vacuum/mass spectrographic techniques it should be possible to detect physisorbed and moderately strong chemisorbed species on the particle surfaces with a temperature programmed degassing procedure. In some instances such an approach is capable of helping distinguish between volcanic and impact generated materials by detecting the presence of fumerolic gases. Such gases typically condense on the exterior of the ejected particles. Additionally surface atomic and chemical compositions should be examined by a combination of modern surface analytical techniques. The combination we currently have in Buffalo at SUNY would appear to be one of the best available including ESCA (150 micrometer spot capability) Auger (SAM) with 300 A focussing for surface compositional surveys, SIMS for high sensitivity trace element detection and ISS for immediate surface layer analysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Mars Sample Return Science; p 51-52
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The interaction of water vapor with a lunar soil, a compacted soil, and a cinder-like rock fragment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A volumetric adsorption system incorporating a pressure gauge was employed to determine nitrogen adsorption and evaluate surface areas. The water adsorption of the lunar samples was measured with the aid of a gravimetric adsorption system including a microbalance. The results obtained in the investigation for the three samples are discussed in detail, giving attention to aspects of dehydroxylation and rehydroxylation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Unknown
    The interaction of hydrogen with Taurus-Littrow orange soil (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A description is given of outgassing and gas interaction studies conducted with Taurus-Littrow orange soil. Scanning electron microscopy studies and X-ray emission spectra investigations are also considered. Data for the adjacent gray soil are included and compared with the results obtained for the orange soil. It is found that differences obtained for the two gases are not related to the nature of the gases evolved but only to the amounts of the gas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Unknown
    The surface structure and composition of 60017,43 (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A surface fragment of 60017, itself an exposed section of Shadow Rock, has been characterized structurally and chemically using gas adsorption, helium pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Auger and ESCA spectroscopy. The fragment is seen as a partially melted devitrified-glass impact breccia possessing a relatively low surface area, macroporosity, and low absolute density. The fragment appears to be plagioclase-enriched with respect to 60017 and to possess significant surface heterogeneity. Confirmation of the surface reduction of iron was obtained; however, the extent of this reduction varied from point to point. Significant amounts of surface volatiles were also found, and it is hypothesized that these were released during the North Ray cratering event. If this is proved correct, similar volatile concentrations should be found on other North Ray ejecta.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 15, 1976 - Mar 19, 1976; Houston, TX
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Water vapor from a lunar breccia - Implications for evolving planetary atmospheres. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The exposure of a typical complex lunar breccia to hydrogen after a through outgassing produces a fully reduced surface state. Subsequent outgassing over a wide temperature range results in the production of water vapor formed from the chemisorbed hydrogen and oxygen from the lunar sample; the proposed mechanism has been confirmed in terms of the chemisorption of deuterium and the release of heavy water. Since the conditions of the experiments are consistent with those on the lunar surface, it is postulated that water vapor will be produced on the moon through the interaction of the solar wind with lunar soil. It is also proposed that such a process could play an important role in the early history of many planets where an oxygen-rich soil is exposed to a reducing atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 180; June 15
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Unknown
    Some surface characteristics and gas interactions of Apollo 14 fines and rock fragments. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Comprehensive survey of the physical surface characteristics of Apollo 14 fines, two fragments of a breccia (14321), and a crystalline rock (14310). The survey was carried out with optical and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by studying the adsorption of a variety of gases including nitrogen, hydrogen, and water vapor. Our objective in the optical microscope study was to relate the visible geological and petrological features to the surface properties. Electron microscopy particularly helped relate surface roughness and particle fusion to gas adsorption and pore structure. The fine sample (14163,111) had a surface area of 0.210 sq m/g and a helium density of 2.9 g/cc. Similar values have been observed with breccia fragments. Other observations include physical adsorption of molecular hydrogen at low temperatures and of water vapor at ambient temperatures. It is concluded that these particular lunar materials, while capable of adsorbing water vapor, do not retain it for any significant time at low pressures, nor, under lunar conditions, is there any indication of absorption or penetration.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Jan 10, 1972 - Jan 13, 1972; Houston, TX
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Solar wind and terrestrial atmosphere effects on lunar sample surface composition (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Samples returned from the Apollo missions have been shown to have undergone a partial surface oxidation with the degree of oxidation being dependent on the intensity and duration of exposure to a terrestrial or other oxidizing atmosphere. Exposure to atomic hydrogen at room temperature, or molecular hydrogen above 100 C results in a surface reduction. The adsorption of water vapor on a test sample was found to be only slightly dependent on the state of surface oxidation, a situation consistent with the formation of hydroxyl groups on the surface when a sample is exposed to hydrogen. That hydroxyl groups are indeed formed is substantiated by the release of water vapor (and by release of heavy water following exposure to deuterium), indicating that water vapor can be synthesized from solar wind hydrogen and sample oxygen. Observations of trace amounts of methane indicate that the reduction process is by no means restricted to the formation of water vapor.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 05, 1973 - Mar 08, 1973; Houston, TX
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Water vapor weathering of Taurus-Littrow orange soil - A pore-structure analysis (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A pore-volume analysis was performed on water vapor adsorption data previously obtained on a fresh sample of Taurus-Littrow orange soil, and the analysis was repeated on the same sample after its exposure to moist air for a period of approximately six months. The results indicate that exposure of an outgassed sample to high relative pressures of water vapor can result in the formation of substantial micropore structure, the precise amount being dependent on the sample pretreatment, particularly the outgassing temperature. Micropore formation is explained in terms of water penetration into surface defects. In contrast, long-term exposure to moist air at low relative pressures appears to reverse the process with the elimination of micropores and enlargement of mesopores possibly through surface diffusion of metastable adsorbent material. The results are considered with reference to the storage of lunar samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Specific gravities of lunar materials using helium pycnometry (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An existing technique, helium pycnometry, has been adapted for the measurement of specific gravities of lunar samples, where surface areas are low (less than 1 sq m/g) and crushing the sample to a fine powder is highly undesirable. The technique is superior to typical liquid immersion methods, in that it is noncontaminating and, where vuggy or porous samples are concerned, should provide a more accurate (higher) absolute density value. The experimental helium pycnometry measurements have been compared in three instances for two rocks with values calculated from a normative mineral composition. The comparison appears good, however, where differences occur, the direct experimental technique appears to provide the better value and to be capable of indicating density variations within a single rock sample.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Some surface area and porosity characterizations of lunar soils (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 14, 1977 - Mar 18, 1977; Houston, TX
    Format: text
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