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  • Other Sources  (7)
  • 1
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    COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers - Preliminary systematic error analysis (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The techniques available for the identification and subtraction of sources of dynamic uncertainty from data of the Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) instrument aboard COBE are discussed. Preliminary limits on the magnitude in the DMR 1 yr maps are presented. Residual uncertainties in the best DMR sky maps, after correcting the raw data for systematic effects, are less than 6 micro-K for the pixel rms variation, less than 3 micro-K for the rms quadruple amplitude of a spherical harmonic expansion, and less than 30 micro-(K-squared) for the correlation function.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 401; 1; p. 1-18.
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  • 2
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    First results of the COBE satellite measurement of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The concept and operation of the Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) instrument aboard NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite are reviewed, with emphasis on the software identification and subtraction of potential systematic effects. Preliminary results obtained from the first six months of DMR data are presented, and implications for cosmology are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 11; 2, 19
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  • 3
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    Preliminary results from the COBE differential microwave radiometers - Large angular scale isotropy of the cosmic microwave background (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Preliminary but precise micowave maps are presented of the sky, and thus of the early universe, derived as the first results from the Differential Microwave Radiometers experiment aboard COBE. The dipole anisotropy attributed to the motion of the solar system with respect to the CMB reference frame shows strongly in all six sky maps and is consistent with a Doppler-shifted thermal spectrum. The best-fitted dipole has amplitude 3.3 + or - 0.2 mK in the direction (alpha, delta) = 11.2 h + or - 0.2 h, -7 deg + or - 2 deg (J2000) or (l,b) = 265 deg + or - 2 deg, 48 deg + or - 2 deg. There is no clear evidence in the maps for any other large angular-scale feature. Limits on Delta T/T0 of 3 x 10 to the -5th (T0 = 2.735 K), 4 x 10 to the -5th, and 4 x 10 to the -5th are found for the rms quadrupole amplitude, monochromatic fluctuations, and Gaussian fluctuations, respectively. These measurements place the most severe constraints to date on many potential physical processes in the early universe.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 371; L1-L5
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  • 4
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    Daily quality assurance software for a satellite radiometer system (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Six Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) on COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) measure the large-angular-scale isotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz. Quality assurance software analyzes the daily telemetry from the spacecraft to ensure that the instrument is operating correctly and that the data are not corrupted. Quality assurance for DMR poses challenging requirements. The data are differential, so a single bad point can affect a large region of the sky, yet the CMB isotropy requires lengthy integration times (greater than 1 year) to limit potential CMB anisotropies. Celestial sources (with the exception of the moon) are not, in general, visible in the raw differential data. A 'quicklook' software system was developed that, in addition to basic plotting and limit-checking, implements a collection of data tests as well as long-term trending. Some of the key capabilities include the following: (1) stability analysis showing how well the data RMS averages down with increased data; (2) a Fourier analysis and autocorrelation routine to plot the power spectrum and confirm the presence of the 3 mK 'cosmic' dipole signal; (3) binning of the data against basic spacecraft quantities such as orbit angle; (4) long-term trending; and (5) dipole fits to confirm the spacecraft attitude azimuth angle.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard Visiting Scientist Program for the Space and Earth Sciences Directorate; 1 p
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  • 5
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    COBE Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) data processing techniques (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The purpose of the Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) experiment on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite is to make whole-sky maps, at frequencies of 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz, of any departures of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from its mean value of 2.735 K. An elaborate software system is necessary to calibrate and invert the differential measurements, so as to make sky maps free from large scale systematic errors to levels less than a millionth of the CMB.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Goddard Visiting Scientist Program for the Space and Earth Sciences Directorate; 1 p
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  • 6
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    Structure in the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year maps (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Results of the first year of data from the differential microwave radiometers on the Cosmic Background Explorer are presented. Statistically significant structure that is well described as scale-invariant fluctuations with a Gaussian distribution is shown. The rms sky variation, smoothed to a total 10-deg FWHM Gaussian, is 30 +/-5 micro-K for Galactic latitude greater than 20-deg data with the dipole anisotropy removed. The rms cosmic quadrupole amplitude is 13 +/-4 micro-K. The angular autocorrelation of the signal in each radiometer channel and cross-correlation between channels are consistent and give a primordial fluctuation power-law spectrum with index of 1.1 +/-0.5, and an rms-quadrupole-normalized amplitude of 16 +/-4 micro-K. These features are in accord with the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum predicted by models of inflationary cosmology.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 396; 1, Se; L1-L5
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  • 7
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    Preliminary DMR measurements of the CMB isotropy (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) instrument has produced preliminary full-sky maps at frequencies 31.5, 53, and 90 GHz. The redundant channels and matched beams at three frequencies distinguish the DMR from previous large-scale surveys. Galactic emission is seen unambiguously at all three frequencies. The only large-scale anisotropy detected in the cosmic microwave background is the dipole anisotropy. There is no clear evidence for any other large-angular-scale feature in the maps. Without correcting for any systematic effects, we are able to place limits DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 3 x 10 exp -5 for the rms quadrupole amplitude, DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 4 x 10 exp -5 for monochromatic fluctuations, and DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 4 x 10 exp -5 for Gaussian fluctuations (all limits are 95 percent C.L. with TO = 2.735 K). The data limit DeltaT/T sub 0 less than 10 exp -4 for any feature larger than 7 deg. We briefly review the DMR and discuss some implications of these results in cosmology.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: In: After the first three minutes; Proceedings of the 1st Astrophysics Workshop, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Oct. 15-17, 1990 (A93-23605 07-90); p. 95-106.
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