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  • 1
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    Resistive synaptic interconnects for electronic neural networks (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The use of the alpha-Ge(1-x):Al(x) and alpha-Ge(1-x):Cu(x) alloys and Pt/Al2O3 cermet thin films as resistive interconnects for binary synaptic memory arrays is evaluated. The fabrication of the 10-20 microns long, 10 microns wide, and 0.1 micron thick interconnects from the alloys and cermet is described. The current-voltage and switching characteristics of the as-deposited films and the patterned test structure are studied. The resistivity, uniformity, stability, and compatibility of the interconnects are examined. It is observed that alpha-Ge(1-x):Cu(x) alloys have a wide resistivity range and low temperature coefficients of resistance; however, their long-term stability is limited due to their low crystallization temperature. It is detected that the alpha-Ge(1-x):Al(x) alloys have higher crystallization temperatures and their resistivity is not greatly affected by large changes in metal content. The Pt/Al2O3 samples display excellent stability, easy fabrication, and control of resistivity with metal content.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A (ISSN 0734-2101); 5; 1407-141
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  • 2
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    Performance and impedance studies of thin, porous molybdenum and tungsten electrodes for the alkali metal thermoelectric converter (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Columnar, porous, magnetron-sputtered molybdenum and tungsten films show optimum performance as alkali metal thermoelectric converter electrodes at thicknesses less than 1.0 micron when used with molybdenum or nickel current collector grids. Power densities of 0.40 W/sq cm for 0.5-micron molybdenum films at 1200 K and 0.35 W/sq cm for 0.5-micron tungsten films at 1180 K were obtained at electrode maturity after 40-90 h. Sheet resistances of magnetron sputter deposited films on sodium beta-double-prime-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) substrates were found to increase very steeply as thickness is decreased below about 0.3-double-prime 0.4-micron. The ac impedance data for these electrodes have been interpreted in terms of contributions from the bulk BASE and the porous electrode/BASE interface. Voltage profiles of operating electrodes show that the total electrode area, of electrodes with thickness less than 2.0 microns, is not utilized efficiently unless a fairly fine (about 1 x 1 mm) current collector grid is employed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: Journal of Applied Electrochemistry (ISSN 0021-891X); 18; 410-416
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  • 3
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    Binary synaptic connections based on memory switching in a-Si:H for artificial neural networks (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A scheme for nonvolatile associative electronic memory storage with high information storage density is proposed which is based on neural network models and which uses a matrix of two-terminal passive interconnections (synapses). It is noted that the massive parallelism in the architecture would require the ON state of a synaptic connection to be unusually weak (highly resistive). Memory switching using a-Si:H along with ballast resistors patterned from amorphous Ge-metal alloys is investigated for a binary programmable read only memory matrix. The fabrication of a 1600 synapse test array of uniform connection strengths and a-Si:H switching elements is discussed.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 4
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    High T(c) superconducting NbN films deposited at room temperature (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The dc reactive magnetron sputtering process yields stoichiometric NbN films with superconducting transition temperature T(c) as high as 15.7 K on substrates as varied as glass, glazed ceramic, fused quartz, and sapphire. These films posses fcc (B1) structure and (111) texture. The most dominant factors governing the formation of the transition metal nitrides are the relative metal and nitrogen fluxes incident on the substrate and the background argon pressure (which dictates the overall reactive sites and residence times for nitrogen).
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 58; 4643-464
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  • 5
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    Substrate heating rates for planar and cylindrical-post magnetron sputtering sources (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are presented for the substrate heating energy/atom required in the planar magnetron sputtering of Al, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, In, Ta, W, and Pt in Ar, as well as Al and Cr in O2. Data are also obtained for cylindrical magnetron sputtering of Nb, Ag, Ta, W, and Pb-Sn in Ar, and Mo sputtered in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. Planar and cylindrical magnetron heating rates were comparable. Special experiments were conducted to examine the contributions to substrate heating of plasma species and ion neutralization and reflection at the cathode; the results obtained indicate that charged plasma species do not significantly contribute to the heating, but that neutralized and reflected ions play a significant role in the planar as well as cylindrical cases despite the differences in cathode geometry.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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  • 6
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    Refractory amorphous metallic (W/0.6/ Re/0.4/)76B24 coatings on steel substrates (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Refractory metallic coatings of (W/0.6/ Re/0.4/)76B24 (WReB) have been deposited onto glass, quartz, and heat-treated AISI 52100 bearing steel substrates by dc magnetron sputtering. As-deposited WReB films are amorphous, as shown by their diffuse X-ray diffraction patterns; chemically homogeneous, according to secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis; and they exhibit a very high (approximately 1000 C) crystallization temperature. Adhesion strength of these coatings on heat-treated AISI 52100 steel is in excess of approximately 20,000 psi and they possess high microhardness (approximately 2400 HV50). Unlubricated wear resistance of such hard and adherent amorphous metallic coatings on AISI 52100 steel is studied using the pin-on-disc method under various loading conditions. Amorphous metallic WReB coatings, about 4 microns thick, exhibit an improvement of more than two and a half orders of magnitude in the unlubricated wear resistance over that of the uncoated AISI 52100 steel.
    Keywords: METALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 58; 3409-341
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  • 7
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    High power density performance of WPt and WRh electrodes in the alkali metal thermoelectric converter (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The properties of the alkali metal thermoelectric converter (AMTEC) are discussed together with those of an efficient AMTEC electrode. Three groups of electrodes were prepared and tested for their performance as AMTEC electrodes, including WPt-T3, WRh-B1, and WRh-B2. The best electrodes of both WPt and WRh types typically exhibited low porosity, and thickness greater than 0.8 micron, which indicated that transport in these electrodes does not occur by a purely free-molecular flow mode. The observed values of the exchange current were found to be within the range of those observed for oxide-free Mo electrodes under similar conditions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Electrochemical Society, Journal (ISSN 0013-4651); 136; 893
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  • 8
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    Internal stresses in wear and corrosion resistant amorphous metallic coatings of (W/0.6/Re/0.4/)76B24 and (Mo/0.6/Ru/0.4/)82B18 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Hard protective coatings in the W-Re-B and Mo-Ru-B alloy systems have been deposited by magnetron sputtering onto soda-lime glass and heat-treated AISI 52100 steel substrates. X-ray diffraction has confirmed the amorphous nature of the as-deposited coatings, and their crystallization temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis to be 1000 and 790 C for W-Re-B and Mo-Ru-B coatings, respectively. Both coatings exhibit high microhardness; Mo-Ru-B, in addition, has excellent corrosion resistance by comparison with pure Mo at high anodic potentials. Attention is given to the influence of internal stresses on the protective properties of the coatings deposited under different conditions.
    Keywords: METALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A (ISSN 0734-2101); 3; 600-604
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  • 9
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    Optical/Dielectric Properties of Inhomogeneous Optical Material: A New Method of Evaluation (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: A new method, based on Effective mean Field Theory, is proposed for the evaluation of the optical/dielectric properties of inhomogeneous materials, in which the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function are determined by solving a simultaneous non-linear equation.
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  • 10
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    The Mars oxidant experiment (MOx) for Mars '96 (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The MOx instrument was developed to characterize the reactive nature of the martian soil. The objectives of MOx were: (1) to measure the rate of degradation of organics in the martian environment; (2) to determine if the reactions seen by the Viking biology experiments were caused by a soil oxidant and measure the reactivity of the soil and atmosphere: (3) to monitor the degradation, when exposed to the martian environment, of materials of potential use in future missions; and, finally, (4) to develop technologies and approaches that can be part of future soil analysis instrumentation. The basic approach taken in the MOx instrument was to place a variety of materials composed as thin films in contact with the soil and monitor the physical and chemical changes that result. The optical reflectance of the thin films was the primary sensing-mode. Thin films of organic materials, metals, and semiconductors were prepared. Laboratory simulations demonstrated the response of thin films to active oxidants.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Planetary and space science (ISSN 0032-0633); 46; 7-Jun; 769-77
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