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  • Articles  (186)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature: ecosystems without commodifying them (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 443 (2006), S. 749-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Douglas J. McCauley, in his Commentary “Selling out on nature” (Nature 443, 27–28; 2006), suggests that love for nature is incompatible with valuing nature in terms of its contributions to human ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/443749b
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 387 (1997), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. We have ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment (1996)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Environment and development economics 1 (1996), S. 104-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-770X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000413
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nordhaus, William D.: Managing the Commons: The Economics of Climate Change : Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 1994 (1996)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Environment and development economics 1 (1996), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-770X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: William Nordhaus has gone further than any economist to date at building a dynamic integrated model of the world’s climate and economic systems, with some one-way linkages to agricultural systems and ecosystems. Managing the Commons is an admirably readable description of this effort which, in his words, ‘balances the costs of emissions controls in energy policies and other areas against the impacts to agriculture, coastlines, and ecosystem values’. In addition to a detailed description of the Dynamic Integrated Climate and the Economy (DICE) model and several scenarios produced by the model, the book includes large sections on sensitivity analysis of the model’s parameter uncertainty and an analysis of the value of information gained at various times in the future to the decision process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X00000735
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution and predictability: An approach to the scaling problem (1994)
    Springer
    Landscape ecology 9 (1994), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9761
    Keywords: Scaling ; predictability ; resolution ; GIS ; fractals ; landscape modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the relationship between resolution and predictability and found that while increasing resolution provides more descriptive information about the patterns in data, it also increases the difficulty of accurately modeling those patterns. There are limits to the predictability of natural phenomenon at particular resolutions, and “fractal-like” rules determine how both “data” and “model” predictability change with resolution. We analyzed land use data by resampling map data sets at several different spatial resolutions and measuring predictability at each. Spatial auto-predictability (Pa) is the reduction in uncertainty about the state of a pixel in a scene given knowledge of the state of adjacent pixels in that scene, and spatial cross-predictability (Pc) is the reduction in uncertainty about the state of a pixel in a scene given knowledge of the state of corresponding pixels in other scenes. Pa is a measure of the internal pattern in the data while Pc is a measure of the ability of some other “model” to represent that pattern. We found a strong linear relationship between the log of Pa and the log of resolution (measured as the number of pixels per square kilometer). This fractal-like characteristic of “self-similarity” with decreasing resolution implies that predictability may be best described using a unitless dimension that summarizes how it changes with resolution. While Pa generally increases with increasing resolution (because more information is being included), Pc generally falls or remains stable (because it is easier to model aggregate results than fine grain ones). Thus one can define an “optimal” resolution for a particular modeling problem that balances the benefit in terms of increasing data predictability (Pa) as one increases resolution, with the cost of decreasing model predictability (Pc).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00135078
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental policy Regional commitment to reducing emissions (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 438 (2005), S. 301-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The non-participation of the United States in the recently ratified Kyoto Protocol is a matter for global concern because it is estimated that the country produces 24% of all greenhouse-gas emissions worldwide. Here we analyse the commitment of individual states and municipalities to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/438301a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Market and nonmarket values of the Georgia landscape (1988)
    Springer
    Environmental management 12 (1988), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Nonmarket values ; Georgia ; Energy analysis ; Contingent Valuation ; Landscape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Natural landscapes produce goods and services, such as fish, wildlife, recreation, climate control, that are not adequately incorporated in their market values. Contingent Valuation (CV) and Energy Analysis (EA) approaches were used to estimate the nonmarket value of forests in Georgia. Both methods yielded similar estimates of approximately $200 ha−1, which was 31% of the total market and nonmarket value of forests. Energy analysis was also used to estimate the nonmarket value of the major land uses in Georgia. Relative contributions of nonmarket value to total value ranged from 0.1% for urban areas to approximately 100% for wetlands. For the state as a whole, nonmarket production of natural and developed ecosystems was estimated at $2.6 billion. This value is comparable to annual marketed agricultural ($2.8 billion) and timber ($4.5 billion) production, both very important industries in Georgia. Changing land use patterns in Georgia and elsewhere are likely to be accompanied by shifts in the relative importances of market and non-market values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01873389
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing and communicating data quality in policy-relevant research (1992)
    Springer
    Environmental management 16 (1992), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Uncertainty ; Data quality ; NUSAP ; Environmental policy ; Policy-relevant research
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The quality of scientific information in policy-relevant fields of research is difficult to assess, and quality control in these important areas is correspondingly difficult to maintain. Frequently there are insufficient high-quality measurements for the presentation of the statistical uncertainty in the numerical estimates that are crucial to policy decisions. We propose and develop a grading system for numerical estimates that can deal with the full range of data quality—from statistically valid estimates to informed guesses. By analyzing the underlying quality of numerical estimates, summarized as spread and grade, we are able to provide simple rules whereby input data can be coded for quality, and these codings carried through arithmetical calculations for assessing the quality of model results. For this we use the NUSAP (numeral, unit, spread, assessment, pedigree) notational system. It allows the more quantitative and the more qualitative aspects of data uncertainty to be managed separately. By way of example, we apply the system to an ecosystem valuation study that used several different models and data of widely varying quality to arrive at a single estimate of the economic value of wetlands. The NUSAP approach illustrates the major sources of uncertainty in this study and can guide new research aimed at the improvement of the quality of outputs and the efficiency of the procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02393914
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coastal Louisiana recent land loss and canal impacts (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Coastal zone management ; Wetlands ; Canals ; Marshes ; Louisiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Annual coastal land loss in the sedimentary deltaic plain of southern Louisiana is 102 km2, which is correlated with man-made canal surface area. The relationships between land loss and canals are both direct and indirect and are modified by the deltaic substrate, distance to the coast, and availability of new sediments. Loss rates are highest in the youngest of the former deltas nearest the coast; they are lowest in the more consolidated sediments far from the coast. The average estimate for land loss at zero canal density in the six regression equations developed was 0.09%±0.13% annually, the present land loss rates approach 0 8% annually Although additional analyses are needed, we conclude that canals are causally related to a significant portion of the total coastal land loss rates The relation probably involves an interruption of local and regional hydrologic regimes. Reduction of the present acceleration in land loss rates is possible by managing present canals more effectively, by not permitting new ones, and by changing the design of new canals to allow more natural water flow
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Dynamic Modeling to Scope Environmental Problems and Build Consensus (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental management 22 (1998), S. 183-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Dynamic modeling; Scoping; Consensus building; Environmental management; Ecosystem management; Policy making; Graphical programming languages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900095
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