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  • Articles  (11)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (11)
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Influence of Photoperiod and Temperature on Floral Traits in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) under Controlled Stress Conditions (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 105 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Floral traits of three Japanese and one European buckwheat varieties were studied in a phytotron under three photoperiods (short-day 10/14 h, long-day 14/10 h, extreme long-day 18/6 h) and two thermoperiods (25/20, and 15 °C constant temperature). The Japanese varieties showed a strong delay in flowering under prolonged day length, whereas one European variety reacted almost day-neutral. Also affected by the photoperiod were the number of flower clusters as well as their sizes. A constant low temperature of 15 °C led to a strong delay in flowering under short- and long-day in all the varieties tested. In particular, the Japanese varieties were sensitive to temperature, developing more flower clusters under high temperature. Furthermore the experiments revealed complex genotype/pliotopenod/thermoperiod interactions. The study, conducted to investigate the causes of low seed-set observed in buckwheat, offered some suggestions for new breeding strategies. Insensitive genotypes, showing less sensitivity to photoperiod as well as to thermoperiod, should be included in further buckwheat improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01202.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive Deterioration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) under Summer Conditions (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 109 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To resolve the problem of low and unstable yield in buckwheat under unsuitable environmental conditions, five varieties were grown and compared in summer and autumn. Vegetative and reproductive growth characteristics were investigated, and embryo development was observed with Nomarski's differential interference contrast (DIG) microscopy. In summer, under high temperatures and longer day-length, autumn-type varieties showed faster vegetative growth and later reproductive development as compared to summer-types. In the autumn, with generally good climatic condition for buckwheat growth in southern part of Japan, the embryo sacs and zygotes of both types developed normally. At 3 days after pollination (DAP), the embryos reached the globular stage. In summer, however, mostly abnormal embryo sacs were observed 3 DAP, leading to incomplete development, failure of fertilization or abortion of embryo. The abnormal embryo sacs were classified into 6 types. Abnormality of either type occurred in 91—100 % of the tetraploids, which is higher than in the diploids (50—77 %). The present study, conducted to clarify the factors causing low seed set in buckwheat under summer conditions, provides detailed information for further breeding of environment-tolerant buckwheat. Di-ploid genotypes which are less sensitive to unfavourable conditions and, thus, show more efficient fertilization in summer, should be considered for use as breeding material in buckwheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00189.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cytogenetic study of bilateral sexual polyploidization in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis were cytogenetically and histologically analysed in three cassava clones:‘Rayong 1′,‘Rayong 60′,‘M. mga’ and two hybrid lines,‘OMR 3641-1’ and ‘OMR 3641-1’ to elucidate the evolution of sexual polyploids in cassava. At telophase II, formation of 17-21 micronuclei per pollen cell plate was observed in 16 out of 351 cell plates in ‘M. mga’. Micronuclei were observed at low (0.3-2.3%) frequencies, at the sporad stage in all clones. Monads, dyads, triads and tetrads, which are established sources of high ploidy levels were observed at low (2.6%) and high (22.2%) frequencies. Megasporogenesis in ‘Rayong 1’ and ‘Rayong 60’ showed a lack of second meiotic divisions after a successful first division that resulted in partly unreduced embryo sacs with 2n eggs, suggesting another unrecognized and, as yet, unreported source of sexual polyploid formation in cassava. Meiotic abnormalities during microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis are implicated as being responsible for the formation of mixoploids (triploids and tetraploids) in cassava breeding programmes. A cytogenetic mechanism resulting in bilateral sexual polyploids through different gametic fertilization pathways in cassava is suggested and its role in breeding is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00694.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil in cassava, Manihot esculenta: a useful abnormality for increased seed production? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Histologically, the cassava pistil is trilocular with a single ovule in each locule producing a maximum of three seeds in nature. Heat stress (35°/45°C, night/day temperatures), as a physical treatment was attempted to induce useful reproductive and vegetative traits in 10 F1 hybrids derived from ‘OMR 36-41’and ‘OMR 36-42’crosses, and two Asian cassava cultivars,‘Rayong 60’and ‘Rayong 1′, under greenhouse and field conditions. Cytoembryological examination of the repro- ductive organs revealed morpho-structural features of normal pistil in all clones except ‘Rayong 1’which exhibited reproductive variations under greenhouse culture. Genetically, an important variation was ovule dichotomy per locule of the trilocular pistil so that each pistil contained six instead of the usual three ovules and lacked any outer integument. These ovules possessed functional embryo sacs with varying nuclear number. A pair of the dichotomous ovules possessed two embryo sacs of apparent different megaspore mother cells. Vegetatively, F1 hybrids were dwarf (0.50m) in their phenotype and flowered 1 month earlier than the 1.5-2.0m tall cultivars under greenhouse conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00447.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Iris hollandica Hort. (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 105 (1999), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Iris hollandica ; protoplast ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of glucose concentrations, different sugars and combinations of 2,4-D and kinetin on cell division and colony formation were examined in cultures of protoplasts isolated enzymatically from suspension cultures of Iris hollandica N6 medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l kinetin, 200 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 250 mg/l proline, 0.3– 0.5 M glucose and 20 g/l agarose was suitable for cell division and colony formation. When colonies formed were transferred to hormone-free MS medium, many shoots were induced. In addition, when induced shoots were transferred to MS medium with 1 mg/l NAA, root induction was observed. A plant regeneration system from protoplasts of I. hollandica was thus established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003407501918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of somatic hybrid plants between Iris ensata Thunb. and I. germanica (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 107 (1999), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Iris ensata ; I. germanica ; protoplast fusion ; somatic hybrid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wide hybridization that cannot be attained through conventional sexual crosses, can now be approached by somatic hybridization. Protoplasts of I. ensata and I. germanica were fused by electrofusion. For the selection of somatic hybrids, protoplasts of I. ensata which did not form colonies in protoplast culture and protoplasts of I. germanica which had regeneration ability for only albino shoot were used in symmetric fusion. On the other hand, the protoplasts of I. ensata and I. germanica protoplasts which were inactivated by iodoacetamide (IOA) treatment were used in asymmetric fusion. Five-six months after cell fusion, green plants were obtained in the symmetric and asymmetric fusion. In the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, the green plants had bands specific to both parental species. Therefore, these plants were somatic hybrids between I. ensata and I. germanica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026431800693
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Karyotypes and chromosome association in aneuploid varieties of Japanese garden iris, Iris ensata Thunb (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Iris ensata ; Japanese garden iris ; aneuploid varieties ; cytogenetic analysis ; chromosomal differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Karyotypes, chromosome association and pollen fertility of aneuploid varieties (2n=25), ‘Ochibagoromo’, ‘Matsusakatsukasa’ and ‘Isehomare’ in Iris ensata were analysed and compared with those of eu-diploid varieties (2n=24), ‘Shishinden’, ‘Kachô’ and ‘Asahimaru’. The somatic chromosome complement of the aneuploid varieties consisted of 11 pairs and 3 singles of chromosomes and that of the eu-diploid varieties 12 pairs of chromosomes. The singles of chromosomes in the aneuploid varieties had similarity with one another and with a pair of chromosomes in the eu-diploid varieties. The high frequency of normal association was present in the eu-diploid varieties, and this indicated that 12 pairs of chromosomes had full homology between each other. In contrast, the mean chromosome association per cell in an aneuploid variety ‘Ochibagoromo’ was 4.615I+10.067II+0.077III+0.005IV, indicating that the chromosome complement of this variety consisted of 11 pairs and 3 singles and that these singles had partial homology among them. The eu-diploid varieties exhibited high pollen fertility due to their regularity of chromosome association; the aneuploid varieties considerably lower fertility, i.e. 28.2% for ‘Ochibagoromo’, 31.8% for ‘Isehomare’ and 43.8% for ‘Matsusakatsukasa’. The primary cause for the low fertility of these varieties seemes to be the partial homology among 3 single chromosomes. Finally, the origin and the development of the aneuploid varieties were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042622
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro propagation of Japanese garden iris, Iris ensata Thunb. (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 57 (1991), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Iris ensata ; Japanese garden iris ; in vitro propagation ; variety specificity ; activated charcoal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Explants of young scapes of Iris ensata were cultured on MS medium with 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l 6-BA, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 g/l agar, and this species was characterized by high variety specificity for callus, shoot and root induction. Among 23 varieties and one wild form tested, ‘Okichidori’, ‘Miyukisudare’ and ‘Meiji-l’ exhibited a considerable rate of shoot induction, although these induced poorly rooted shoots. In addition, two types of callus induction such as green and white calli were observed, and the induction of green-type calli was significantly correlated with that of shoots. Surprisingly, the only modification, half-strength MS inorganic salts, for the above medium proved to be very effective for shoot induction in the scape culture. For shoots obtained from the scape culture, effects of sucrose concentrations and activated charcoal on root induction were examined by using 1/2 MS with 1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l 6-BA, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 g/l agar as the basic medium. The addition of 1% activated charcoal to the media had a marked effect for root induction independent of sucrose concentrations and varieties tested. The in vitro propagation technique of I. ensata is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040480
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological analysis of embryo-sac formation and detection of meiotic diplospory in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 88 (1996), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: apomeiosis ; embryo-sac ; Manihot esculenta ; meiotic diplospory ; apomixis ; cassava ; histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Embryo-sac formation in six cultivated Asian cassava clones and one unknown ‘wild type’, was histologically investigated to determine apomictic potential in the genus Manihot. All the 6 clones were found to possess one single sexual embryo-sac containing 6–8 nuclei at maturity. However, one clone, ‘Rayong 3’ possessed two functional embryo-sacs at 12 hours after controlled pollination (HACP). The larger embryo-sac was 6-nucleate (all 3 nuclei of the egg apparatus, 1 polar and 2 antipodal cells) and located towards the ‘false micropylar’ or the nucellar beak region. The smaller embryo-sac also contained a total of 6 nuclei and approximately 10 μm3 or 1/2 the volume of the former and located towards the chalazal pole. Percentage sexuality estimates indicated a 100% sexual reproduction in embryo-sacs of all the clones analysed. However, apomeiotic relationships indicate a low (0.3%) degree of meiotic diplosporous embryo-sac formation, thus suggesting facultative apomixis in cv. ‘Rayong 3’. This is the first embryological identification and evidence of apomeiosis and apomictic potential in cassava.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029260
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Iris germanica L. (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 89 (1996), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Iris germanica ; protoplast ; regeneration ; suspension culture ; embryogenic callus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Protoplasts were isolated enzymatically from suspension cultures derived from embryogenic calli induced by leaf base culture of Iris germanica. In protoplast culture, the effects of glucose concentration, different sugars and combinations of 2,4-D and KIN on protoplast division and colony formation were examined. N6 medium supplemented with 0.1–1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l KIN, 200mg/l casein hydrolysate, 250 mg/l proline, 0.2 M glucose and 20 g/l agarose was suitable for protoplast division and colony formation. When colonies formed were transferred onto hormone-free MS medium, many plantlets were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. Thus, we could establish a plant regeneration system from protoplasts of I. germanica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034609
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