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  • Articles  (16)
  • Biology  (16)
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  • Articles  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening cultured marine microalgae for anticancer-type activity (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Cyanophyceae ; blue-green algae ; anticancer ; drug discovery ; culture ; Poteriochromonas malhamensis ; chlorosulfolipid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Marine Cyanophyceae, and to a lesser extent other marine microalgae, are a promising source of new anticancer-type natural products. Microscopic forms that do not form mats or tufts in nature must be cultured in order to obtain sufficiently sized samples. Field collections of microalgae in intertidal and shallow subtidal tropical environments utilize hand collection and manipulation techniques into small-volume wide-mouth jars. Acclimation times in the laboratory environment are important in bringing new cultures into cultivation. Manipulation on agar plates has given the best success rate for obtaining unialgal cultures; sometimes these are obtained directly as axenic clones. These pure strains are cultured in an initial volume of 3 L to give sufficient material for pharmacological screening. The extracts are evaluated in a series of mechanism-based anticancer screens, including protein kinase C (PKC), protein tryosine kinase (PTK) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). More that 501 extracts have been screened in these three assay areas, and have yielded 23 active to IMPDH, 9 to PKC, and 9 to PTK. The extract of one cultured microalga which was active to PTK,Poteriochromonas malhamensis, has yielded a novel chlorosulfolipid, whose structure is discussed. Future efforts will (a) target less well explored groups of microalgae including several orders of cyanophyceae as well as field collections of cryptophytes and chrysophytes, and (b) complement mechanism-based screening with cancer cell cytotoxicity screening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186068
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Analysis of copy number variations in the sheep genome using 50K SNP BeadChip array (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-09
    Description: Background: In recent years, genome-wide association studies have successfully uncovered single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with complex traits such as diseases and quantitative phenotypes. These variations account for a small proportion of heritability. With the development of high throughput techniques, abundant submicroscopic structural variations have been found in organisms, of which the main variations are copy number variations (CNVs). Therefore, CNVs are increasingly recognized as an important and abundant source of genetic variation and phenotypic diversity. Results: Analyses of CNVs in the genomes of three sheep breeds were performed using the Ovine SNP50 BeadChip array. A total of 238 CNV regions (CNVRs) were identified, including 219 losses, 13 gains, and six with both events (losses and gains), which cover 60.35 Mb of the sheep genomic sequence and correspond to 2.27% of the autosomal genome sequence. The length of the CNVRs on autosomes range from 13.66 kb to 1.30 Mb with a mean size of 253.57 kb, and 75 CNVRs events had a frequency 〉 3%. Among these CNVRs, 47 CNVRs identified by the PennCNV overlapped with the CNVpartition. Functional analysis indicated that most genes in the CNVRs were significantly enriched for involvement in the environmental response. Furthermore, 10 CNVRs were selected for validation and 6 CNVRs were further experimentally confirmed by qPCR. In addition, there were 57 CNVRs overlapped in our new dataset and other published ruminant CNV studies. Conclusions: In this study, we firstly constructed a sheep CNV map based on the Ovine SNP50 array. Our results demonstrated the differences of two detection tools and integration of multiple algorithms can enhance the detection of sheep genomic structure variations. Furthermore, our findings would be of help for understanding the sheep genome and provide preliminary foundation for carrying out the CNVs association studies with economically important phenotypes of sheep in the future.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 3
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    Tracking ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-01
    Description: Article Mechanisms for the warming hiatus are inferred by tracking regional ocean heat uptake in different regions. Here, the authors show that the Indo-Pacific heat redistribution holds the key while the abyssal heat uptake in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans primarily reflects the downward penetration of anthropogenic heat. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms10926 Authors: Wei Liu, Shang-Ping Xie, Jian Lu
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    Transcript characteristic of myostatin in sheep fibroblasts (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-16
    Description: Myostatin, a secreted growth factor highly expressed in skeletal muscle, negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. Recently, myostatin is emerged as a potential target for anti-atrophy and anti-fibrotic therapies. Therefore, to investigate the regulation of myostatin in sheep adult fibroblasts, we used the RNA interference mediated by lentiviral vector to gene silence myostatin. Simultaneously, we also had constructed the sheep myostatin overexpression vector to further explore the function of myostatin in fibroblasts. The results here demonstrated that the lentiviral vector could significantly reduce myostatin gene both at mRNA and protein level by 71% and 67%, respectively ( P  〈 0.01). Inhibition of myostatin also resulted in a remarkable increase of activin receptor 2B (ACV2B), p21, PPARγ, leptin, C/EBPβ and MEF2A expression, and a decrease of Akt1, CDK2, MEF2C and Myf5 expression. Ectopic myostatin mRNA and protein were also present in the fibroblasts transfection. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of myostatin contributed to an increase of Akt1, CDK2, Myf5 and PPARγ, and a decrease of p21, C/EBPα and leptin at the transcript level. These results suggested that myostatin positively regulated Akt1, CDK2, Myf5, leptin and C/EBPα, but negatively regulated p21 mRNA expression in adult fibroblasts, and it also expanded our understanding of the regulation mechanism of myostatin. Moreover, the lentiviral system inactivated myostatin gene in fibroblasts would be used to generate transgenic sheep and to ameliorate muscle fibrosis and atrophy by gene therapy in the future. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Genome-wide association study dissects genetic architecture underlying longitudinal egg weights in chickens (2015)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-06
    Description: Background: As a major economic trait in chickens, egg weight (EW) receives widespread interests in breeding, production and consumption. However, limited information is available for underlying genetic architecture of longitudinal trend in EW. Herein, we measured EWs at nine time points from onset of laying to 60 week of age, and conducted comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 1,534 F 2 hens derived from reciprocal crosses between White Leghorn and Dongxiang chickens. Results: Egg weights at all ages except the first egg weight (FEW) exhibited high SNP-based heritability estimates (0.47 ~ 0.60). Strong pair-wise genetic correlations (0.77 ~ 1.00) were found among all EWs. Nine separate univariate genome-wide screens suggested 73 signals showing significant associations with longitudinal EWs. After multivariate and conditional analyses, four variants on three chromosomes remained independent contributions. The minor alleles at two loci exerted consistent and positive substitution effects on EWs, and other two were negative. The four loci together accounted for 3.84 % of the phenotypic variance for FEW and 7.29 ~ 11.06 % for EWs from 32 to 60 week of age. We obtained five candidate genes, of which NCAPG harbors a non-synonymous SNP (rs14491030) causing a valine-to-alanine amino-acid substitution. Genome partitioning analysis indicated a strong linear correlation between the variance explained by each chromosome and its length, which provided evidence that EW follows a highly polygenic nature of inheritance. Conclusions: Identification of significant genetic causes that together implicate EWs at different ages will greatly advance our understanding of the genetic basis behind longitudinal EWs, and would be helpful to illuminate the future breeding direction on how to select desired egg size.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 6
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    Persistent cold air outbreaks over North America in a warming climate (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: This study examines future changes of cold air outbreaks (CAOs) using a multi-model ensemble of global climate simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and high resolution regional climate simulations. Overall, climate models agree on a dip in CAO duration across North America, but the percentage change is consistently smaller from western Canada to the upper mid-western US with historically more frequent CAO. By decomposing the changes of the probability density function of daily surface temperature into changes due to mean warming and changes in standard deviation (std) and skewness/higher order moments, the contributions of each factor to CAO changes are quantified. Results show that CAO changes can be explained largely by the mean warming, but the decrease in temperature std contributes to about 20% reduction of CAO from Alaska to northeastern US and eastern Canada possibly due to the Arctic amplification and weakening of storm track. A thermodynamic...
    Print ISSN: 1748-9318
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-9326
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    circHIPK3 regulates lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Differential TGFβ pathway targeting by miR-122 in humans and mice affects liver cancer metastasis (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-20
    Description: Article MiR-122 levels correlate with metastasis in human liver cancer but not in mouse models. Here the authors show that miR-122 targets TGFßR1 in mice but TGFß1 in humans, that swapping this specificity affects metastasis, and that many other receptor-ligand pairs are differentially targeted by miRNAs across species. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms11012 Authors: Shenyi Yin, Yu Fan, Hanshuo Zhang, Zhihua Zhao, Yang Hao, Juan Li, Changhong Sun, Junyu Yang, Zhenjun Yang, Xiao Yang, Jian Lu, Jianzhong Jeff Xi
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
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    Dual-phase nanostructuring as a route to high-strength magnesium alloys (2017)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-04
    Description: Dual-phase nanostructuring as a route to high-strength magnesium alloys Nature 545, 7652 (2017). doi:10.1038/nature21691 Authors: Ge Wu, Ka-Cheung Chan, Linli Zhu, Ligang Sun & Jian Lu It is not easy to fabricate materials that exhibit their theoretical ‘ideal’ strength. Most methods of producing stronger materials are based on controlling defects to impede the motion of dislocations, but such methods have their limitations. For example, industrial single-phase nanocrystalline alloys and single-phase metallic glasses can be very strong, but they typically soften at relatively low strains (less than two per cent) because of, respectively, the reverse Hall–Petch effect and shear-band formation. Here we describe an approach that combines the strengthening benefits of nanocrystallinity with those of amorphization to produce a dual-phase material that exhibits near-ideal strength at room temperature and without sample size effects. Our magnesium-alloy system consists of nanocrystalline cores embedded in amorphous glassy shells, and the strength of the resulting dual-phase material is a near-ideal 3.3 gigapascals—making this the strongest magnesium-alloy thin film yet achieved. We propose a mechanism, supported by constitutive modelling, in which the crystalline phase (consisting of almost-dislocation-free grains of around six nanometres in diameter) blocks the propagation of localized shear bands when under strain; moreover, within any shear bands that do appear, embedded crystalline grains divide and rotate, contributing to hardening and countering the softening effect of the shear band.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    The promoter of miR-663 is hypermethylated in Chinese pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-20
    Description: Background: There is growing evidence supporting a role for microRNAs (miRNA) as targets in aberrant mechanisms of DNA hypermethylation. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs, including miR-663, which has recently been reported to be inactivated by hypermethylation in several cancers, may play important roles in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, expression of miR-663 and its promoter methylation remain status unclear in childhood leukemia. Methods: Promoter methylation status of miR-663 was investigated by methylation specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfate genomic sequencing (BGS). Transcriptional expression of miR-663 was evaluated by semi-quantitative and real-time PCR, and the relationship between expression of miR-663 and promoter methylation was confirmed using 5-aza-2[prime]-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) demethylation reagent. Results: MiR-663 was aberrantly methylated in 45.5% (5/11) leukemia cell lines; BGS showed that the promoter was significantly methylated in three AML cell lines; methylation of miR-663 was significantly higher in Chinese pediatric AML patients [41.4% (29/70)] compared to normal bone marrow (NBM) control samples [10.0% (3/30)]. These results were confirmed by both BGS and 5-Aza demethylation analysis. In addition, miR-663 transcript expression was significantly lower in AML patients, both with and without miR-663 methylation, compared to controls; however, there were no significant differences in clinical features or French-American-British (FAB) classification between patients with and without miR-663 methylation. Conclusions: Expression of miR-663 was significantly lower in pediatric AML cells compared to NBM controls; furthermore, a high frequency of miR-663 promoter hypermethylation was observed in both AML cell lines and pediatric AML samples. Inactivation of miR-663 by promoter hypermethylation could be affected by 5-Aza demethylation. These findings suggest that hypermethylation of the miR-663 promoter may be an early event in the development of pediatric AML.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2350
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by BioMed Central
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