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  • Articles  (97)
  • Biology  (97)
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  • Articles  (97)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this second study of the myxozoan Zschokkella russelli Tripathi from Wales, infection occurred in 71-0% of five-bearded rocklings, Ciliata mustela L.; all infected fish were mature and immature fish were uninfected. Histologieal studies showed ehanges to gallbladder and liver that mostly conformed with earher findings, but sinusoidal dilation, which had not been seen previously, was present in three of 22 infected livers. Thickening around hepatic ducts was shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to comprise fibroblasts and associated collagen bundles, while the attenuated epithelium of hepatic ducts bore few mierovilli. Zschokkella russelli plasmodia were seen by TEM to have fine tubular structures, particularly adjacent to developing sporonts. Spores showed long extensions to the sporoplasm, while spore valves had up to 18 surface ridges each and depressions between ridges were supported by microtubules. Otherwise, in its general ultrastructure and sporogenesis Z. russelli resembled other myxosporida.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 13 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Ultrastructural studies on the endogenous stages of Eimeria variabilis from the marine fish Cottus bubalis showed macrogamonts that resembled those of other fish coccidia except for small and large, probably protcinaceous, intracytoplasmic dense bodies. Similar dense bodies occurred in oocysts, but were not identified as wall forming bodies since many extruded from the contracted oocyst contents during sporulation. The thin, two-layered oocyst wall (20 nm across) may have derived from smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane of the late macrogamont. At sporogony, the oocyst wall frequently peeled inwards in scroll-like formations to leave a membrane 3-nm thick, possibly of host origin. Sporogony produced four uninucleate sporoblasts that developed with some asynchrony within a single oocyst. Sporoblasts were limited by a single membrane initially, and additions to this membrane, apparently from dense material and filaments outside the sporoblast, built up the sporocyst wall. An area of Stieda-like body formation was identified on the sporocyst wall and no other exit for sporozoites was seen. Full description of sporozoites, microgamonts and meronts awaits further study but similarities with those of other coccidia were noted.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Growth of the eel trypanosome, Trypanosoma granulosum, was attempted in five semi-defined and three defined media. Growth was poor in four semi-defined and two defined media, but one semi-defined medium, a modified version of SDM-79 without MEM F-14, supported good growth of the trypanosome. In this medium, doubling time was between 1 and 2 days, over 90% of organisms seen in culture after 6 days were trypomastigotes, and 1.8 × 0.1 × 107 trypanosomes ml−1 was achieved in 7 days. When foetal calf serum from the modified SDM-79 was substituted with insulin to create a fully defined medium, a modest but significant increase in cell numbers occurred compared with controls. In vitro experiments with D, L-alpha-difluoromethylomithine (DFMO) showed morphological changes leading to destruction of the trypanosome with increasing concentrations of the drug. A 50-mM concentration of DFMO inhibited growth by more than 90%, and the IC50 was found to be 16 × 2 mM.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. During two summers in Portugal, intertidal fishes were captured with anaesthetic at four sites along the Portuguese Atlantic West Coast. They were examined for the blood parasite Haemogregarina bigemina, for other haematozoa, and for haematophagous eetoparasitcs. Haemogregarina bigemina was found only in biennies, Lipophrys pholis (L.) and Coryphoblennius galerita (L.), and infections in these fish were similar. No other haematozoa were detected. Ectoparasites found attached to biennies included haematophagous praniza larvae of the isopod Gnathia maxillaris and a single leech. Gametocytes like those of fish haemogregarines were found in the anterior hindgut of 25% of pranizae and one contained gametoeytes and stages resembling early oocysts. The leech showed none of these stages. It is concluded that gnathiid pranizae should be considered as possible vectors of H. bigemina in Portugal.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The stages of a babesiosome were recorded from the erythrocytes of 73 out of 591 European eels, Anguilla anguilla L., captured in six rivers in northern and central Portugal during the period from January 1988 to July 1994. The prevalence, intensity and seasonality of the infection were recorded. Parasites were mostly intraerythrocytic in stained blood films. Unidivided and cruciform meronts, merozoites and gamonts were identified, and the meront stage was the most common. Mixed infections, in which the babesiosome coexisted with Trypanosoma granulosum Laveran & Mesnil, 1902, were present in 72 out of the 591 eels. In captive fish kept for up to 6 months, fluctuations in the levels of infection with the babesiosome were noted. The babesiosome existed in a similar geographical location, in what was presumed to be the same host and in the same host cell type as a parasite described earlier as Haemogregarina bettencourti. Furthermore, the gamonts of the babesiosome and the haemogregarine overlapped in morphometric description. Although H. bettencourti was recently assigned to the genus Desseria, a nomenclatural correction is proposed: a new combination, Babesiosoma bettencourti (França, 1908) (syns. Haemogregarina bettencourti França, 1908; Desseria bettencourti Siddall, 1995) in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. The definitive host of B. bettencourti is unknown.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 13 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Scomber scombrus on both sides of the North Atlantic were infected with similar intraleucocytic haemogregarines. Detection of parasites in blood smears alone was found to be an unreliable indicator of prevalence. In the Northwest Atlantic, prevalence of blood infections varied annually and seasonally, with an average of 18.4%, whereas tissue imprints showed up to 98.3% prevalence. Northeast Atlantic fish had a 4.0% prevalence in blood smears and 100% in spleen imprints. Age 1 mackerel were the principal hosts of haemogregarines in the Northwest Atlantic. Scanty infections of single and paired parasites were observed primarily in lymphocytes and neutrophils of peripheral blood and tissue imprints. Also present in the blood and tissues of Northwest Atlantic mackerel were intracellular schizonts with up to 20 merozoites, and fish from the same region showed haemogregarines within histological lesions in kidney and spleen. Ultrastructural studies on Northeast Atlantic mackerel indicated the parasite is apicomplexan and morphologically dissimilar to Haematractidium scombri. Its relationship with Goussia clupearum was not determined.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Polyamines are important in the growth, division and differentiation of many cell types, including trypanosomes. The ultrastructure of culture forms of Trypanosoma granulosum was examined following growth in a modified semidefined medium (controls) and in the same medium with added polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors (DFMO, MGBG and Berenil). Untreated trypanosomes had ultrastructural features in common with other cultured flagellates. Those treated with DFMO were generally more rounded in contour. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and swollen mitochondrial membranes suggested osmotic imbalance, perhaps resulting from compromised membrane integrity. An anticlockwise arm dividing subtubule B of the peripheral doublets of the flagellum was noted in some trypanosomes treated with 20 mM DFMO. Vacuolation was also induced by MGBG and flagellar division occurred more frequently at 0.2 mM than in controls. With 1 mM MGBG, mitochondria were difficult to discern and kinetoplasts were disrupted. With 0.2 mM Berenil, vacuoles, swollen mitochondria, membranous whorls, additional microtubules underlying subpellicular tubules and disaggregated kinetoplasts were noted. With 1 mM Berenil, much of the cell structure was destroyed, although the pellicle, flagellum and paraxial rod remained intact. The present study illustrates the importance of hnctional polyamine synthetic pathways for the integrity of membranes, mitochondria, kinetoplasts and possibly microtubules in cultured T. granulosum.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The mode of action of diphtheria toxin is thought to involve the entry into a cell of the toxic kA' chain following an interaction of its 'B' chain with receptors on the plasma membrane17-18. Once inside the cell the 4A' chain terminates protein synthesis by enzymatic inactivation of peptidyl-tRNA ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 284 (1980), S. 364-366 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In 8-12-week-old male CBA mice the proportions of lymphocytes which were able to bind FITC-PNL in cell suspensions from thymus, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes and bone marrow (Table 1) were found to be similar to those previously reported2,3. However, the observation that 20% or more of Peyer's ...
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