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  • Articles  (532)
  • Physics  (532)
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  • Articles  (532)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and crystallographic properties of NdCo4M (M=B, Al, and Ga) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4635-4637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic and crystallographic properties have been investigated for NdCo4M (M=B, Al, and Ga). The temperature dependencies of lattice parameters have been determined between 80 and 730 K by x-ray diffraction. NdCo4B crystallizes in the CeCo4B-type structure, whereas NdCo4M (M=Al and Ga) exhibits a CaCu5-type structure. Magnetic properties of NdCo4B show a clear difference from those of its Al and Ga counterparts. All these compounds exhibit planar anisotropy in the low-temperature regime, and the spin-reorientation temperature is found to be ∼280 K for NdCo4Al and NdCo4Ga, whereas NdCo4B is planar up to its Curie temperature. Thermal expansion curves of c axes show an anomalous contraction for NdCo4B and expansion for NdCo4Al and NdCo4Ga only in the temperature region of planar anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344837
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of anisotropy in TbFe films prepared by dc-magnetron sputtering (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5526-5532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have found that stresses induced during magnetron sputter deposition of amorphous TbFe films are very important in determining the thermal stability of the perpendicular anisotropy, Ku. To determine the stress-induced contribution to the anisotropy, the anisotropy was measured with a torque magnetometer before and after peeling films from their substrates. Data clearly show that the fractional change in anisotropy which occurs when the film is peeled from its substrate, ΔKu/Ku, decreases with increasing Ar pressures. Furthermore, annealing studies reveal that the thermal stability of Ku improves with increasing Ar sputtering pressure−a trend which is in conflict with the tendency for films sputtered under low Ar pressure to be more oxidation resistant. This trend is attributed to the large stress-induced anisotropy component which exists at low argon pressures and its tendency to decrease as a result of long-term annealing. Measurements of the anisotropy of films which had been annealed at 200 °C for 815 h showed that the residual Ku after annealing increased with argon pressure. Measurements of the width of the peak in coercivity around Tcomp in these films shows that Hc increases monotonically with argon pressure. This monotonic increase in Hc is attributed to larger local variations in anisotropy caused by the less dense microstructure and the more random local anisotropy produced by the larger angle of incidence of adatoms which results from the increased scattering in the higher pressure sputtering gas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of the Y1−xGdxCo3B2 system : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6540-6542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic properties of Y1−xGdxCo3B2 with x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 have been studied in a wide temperature range from 4.2 to 1250 K. All compounds studied here have the CeCo3B2-type structure which is a derivative of the RCo5 type one. In this system, the Co atom is nonmagnetic down to 4.2 K and the Curie temperature decreases almost linearly with increasing composition x and is expected to vanish at around x=0 (YCo3B2). For the sample with x=0.2, a spin-glass freezing point has been found in addition to the usual ferromagnetic Curie temperature. Gd magnetic moments obtained from the saturation magnetizations at T=4.2 K are generally smaller than those obtained from the Curie–Weiss constants in the high-temperature paramagnetic region, which suggests a slight polarization of the Co atoms antiparallel to the Gd moment in the ferromagnetic region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349900
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of direct overwrite characteristics on the magnetization of dc-magnetron-sputtered films (abstract) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4967-4967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization of rare-earth transition-metal (RE-TM) films has been found to play an important role in single-layer film direct overwrite characteristics. In this study, the magnetization of films was varied by changing the compensation temperature and the Curie temperature, independently. Direct overwrite characteristics which were investigated included the minimum and maximum pulse width to erase and to write a certain size domain, the pulse-width margins for erase, and the erasable size of domain. A decrease in the compensation temperature, which leads to an increase in the magnetization at high temperatures, causes the minimum erasure pulse width to increase and the largest erasable domain size to decrease. However, a decrease in the compensation temperature causes the writing pulse width to decrease. The effects of magnetization on the direct overwrite characteristics were further investigated by applying external magnetic fields up to 580 Oe. The minimum pulse width to erase domains was found to increase with an increase of the applied field, which was in the direction to assist domain nucleation. The maximum erasure pulse width decreases rapidly with an increase of the magnetic field. The disappearance of the erasure margin when the gap between the compensation temperature and the Curie temperature increases results from the fact that the minimum erasure pulse width becomes equal to the minimum writing pulse width. In order to have a wide range of erasable domain sizes, while still maintaining a short writing pulse width, it is shown that film compositions must be adjusted to have both a low compensation temperature and a low Curie temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348192
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Al substitution on the magnetic properties of RCo5 (R=rare earth) (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4638-4640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic and structural characteristics of RCo5−xAlx have been established for R=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, and Tm. All systems have the CaCu5 structure. Al and Co are randomly distributed over the Co-sublattice sites. Al-substitution decreases μCo and Tc and significantly alters magnetic anisotropy. Analysis of the magnetic anisotropy data shows that the Sm anisotropy in SmCo4Al is only 32% of that in SmCo5. In terms of the point charge model this requires that Al carry a positive charge. This is consistent with inferences drawn from the decreased Co moment accompanying Al substitution, which implies electron transfer from Al to Co. At room temperature, RCo4Al systems are uniaxial for R=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, and Er, whereas for R=Nd and Dy the magnetization is at an angle with respect to the unique c axis. PrCo4Al, NdCo4Al, DyCo4Al, and TmCo4Al exhibit changes in anisotropy at about 165, 295, 420, and 84 K, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344838
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorphization of TbFe3 by nitrogen absorption : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5733-5735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nitrogenation process of the TbFe3 intermetallic compound was studied by heat treating the alloy between 573 and 873 K in a nitrogen atmosphere. The structural and magnetic properties of the nitrogenated samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The magnetic moments of the nitrogenated samples were found to be a function of the annealing temperature and showed a minimum for the sample heat treated at 673 K. The XRD pattern of this sample (673 K) showed that the Bragg peaks of the 1-3 phase had completely disappeared and were replaced by a broad maximum indicating a breakdown of the TbFe3 structure into an amorphous phase. The room-temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the same sample consisted almost entirely of a quadrupole-split doublet plus a small amount of α-Fe and TbFe3. This doublet split into a broad spectrum upon cooling which is typical of amorphous rare-earth–transition-metal compounds. For samples heat treated at higher temperatures, the amount of α-Fe and TbN phases gradually increased. This nitrogenation process is unlike that of R2Fe17. In this study, nitrogen atoms do not go into the interstitial sites. Instead, they create a ferromagnetic (TC≈215 K) amorphous phase of Tb, Fe, and N which is stable over a wide temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of RCo4M (R=Y, Nd and Ho; M=B, Al and Ga) : 35TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct−1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5551-5553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic and crystallographic measurements have been made for the compounds RCo4M (R=Y, Nd, and Ho; M=B, Al, and Ga) to intercompare the magnetic properties of RCo4B, RCo4M (M=Al and Ga) and RCo5. The compounds RCo4B crystallize in the CeCo4B type structure, while RCo4M (M=Al and Ga) in the CaCu5 type. The following main conclusions have been obtained: (1) the Curie temperature and the averaged Co-moment of RCo4M (R=Y, Nd, and Ho; M=B, Al, and Ga) are lower and smaller than those of RCo5, respectively, and 6i-site Co-moment in RCo4B is smaller than the 2c-site Co-moment by the influence of the neighboring B-layer; (2) magnetocrystalline anisotropy of R-sublattice of RCo4B is stronger than that of RCo5, while that of RCo4Al is remarkably weaker than that of RCo5; (3) the Co-sublattice anisotropy constants of YCo4M (M=B and Al) are 20% or less of that of YCo5; and (4) JR-Co and JCo-Co, which are the exchange parameters of the atomic pairs in NdCo4M (M=B and Al), have been estimated to be JR-Co/k (approximately-equal-to) 7 K and JCo-Co/k (approximately-equal-to) 200 K, where k is the Boltzman constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348941
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al-substitution effects on the magnetic properties of RCo5 (R=Y, Pr, Nd, and Sm) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5929-5931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Al substitution effects on the magnetic properties of RCo5 (R=Y, Pr, Nd, and Sm) are studied on the basis of magnetic measurements for RCo5−xAlx with x less than 2. The Al substitution considerably decreases the Curie temperature, the Co-sublattice moment, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the R sublattice as well as of the Co sublattice. The Co-sublattice moments in RCo5−xAlx have a different value depending on their directions in the crystal; in addition the rare earth moments are considerably smaller than the values of their free trivalent ions. The decrease of Co-sublattice moment with increasing content of Al can be explained by the rigid band model, and the properties of rare earth sublattices (or atoms) mentioned above seem to be explained by the exchange field at the rare earth site which weakens with increasing Al content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353524
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and structural characteristics of the Pr2(Co,Fe)7B3 system : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct−Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5599-5601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pr2Co7−xFexB3(0≤x≤7) alloys have been synthesized and studied at temperatures from 4 to 1100 K at fields up to 90 kOe. The structure and magnetic properties vary significantly with increasing Fe content. The material exhibits the Ce2Co7B3 structure for 0≤x≤0.5. For 0.5≤x≤3 the alloy is comprised of a main phase of hexagonal structure. A change in magnetocrystalline anisotropy occurs around x=3.5; all alloys of x≤3 exhibit conical anisotropy at both 295 and 77 K, and axial anisotropy for x≥3.5. Tc increases from 328 to 890 K when x varies from 0 to 3, then decreased to 564 K when x further increased to 7. The saturation magnetization, Ms, increases monotonically with increasing Fe content. A sintered magnet with a Br of 6.1 kG, a Hci of 10.6 kOe, and a BHmax of 9.1 MGOe were obtained using Pr2Co2Fe5B3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347961
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase analysis and magnetic properties of RTiFe11−xCox (R=Y,Gd) (x=0–11) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5605-5607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Both as-cast and 1000 °C annealed RTiFe11 samples are nearly single phase with a small amount of Fe2Ti. Small amounts of Co additions do not change the microstructure, but the minor phase changed to a Fe,Co,Ti solid solution. At high Co concentration, as-cast samples are multiphase [1-12, 2-17, (Fe,Co,Ti)] and high-temperature (∼1200 °C) annealing is needed in order to produce a single-phase microstructure. Results of x-ray analysis and magnetic measurements show that YTiFe11, YTiCo11, GdTiFe11, and GdTiCo11 are uniaxial and their anisotropy fields at room temperature are 22, 18, 33, and 25 kOe, respectively. Therefore, Fe and Co sublattices are uniaxial with Fe sublattice anisotropy stronger than that of Co. In the intermediate range of composition, there is a conical-planar region for both Y and Gd systems and spin reorientations with temperature were observed. In general, the anisotropy behavior of the RTiFe11−xCox systems (R=Y,Gd) is similar but opposite to their counterpart of R2Fe17−xCox. This is due to the similarity of their crystal structure, as both are derivatives of 1-5. However, the strong contribution from the K2 anisotropy constant makes the anisotropy phase diagrams of 1-12 more complicated than those of 2-17.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347963
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