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  • Articles  (66)
  • Geosciences  (66)
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  • Articles  (66)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral water exploration and exploitation at the Portuguese Hercynian Massif (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 27 (1996), S. 252-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Spas ; Mineral waters ; Hercynian Massif ; Portugal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The thermal baths and bottled water industry are highly related to the hydrogeology of hard rocks in Portugal. In the last 15 years, almost all classical dug wells or simple spring arrangements were replaced by drilled wells. The completion of these new wells was normally preceded by geological, geophysical, and hydrogeological surveys as well as by exploration and observation wells. A step-by-step approach resulted in a positive well location in most sites. Some small-scale, low-enthalpy geothermal projects are in operation in some locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00770439
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Fuzzy logic based decision making system for collision avoidance of ocean navigation under critical collision conditions (2010)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-07
    Print ISSN: 0948-4280
    Electronic ISSN: 1437-8213
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    A knowledge-based model for evaluating the impact of gear-based management measures under Europe's new Common Fisheries Policy (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: A model combining qualitative and historical quantitative data in an innovative rule-based fuzzy cognitive map framework is used to assess and compare the long-term bioeconomic impact of adopting gear modifications aimed at reducing bycatch in the Portuguese crustacean trawl fishery. The impact of codend-related changes (mesh size and shape) and the introduction of a sorting device (sorting grid system) on the main target crustacean species (deepwater rose shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris and Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus ) and the main fish bycatch species (blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou , horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus , and European hake Merluccius merluccius ) were evaluated. Horse mackerel was the only fish species for which changing codends negatively affected landings per unit of effort by large percentages. The use of a sorting grid system, only evaluated for blue whiting and Norway lobster, led to a strong decrease in landings per unit of effort, especially for the former species. The impact of gear alterations was negligible on fish spawning-stock biomass, but was significant for crustaceans, particularly rose shrimp. A straightforward evaluation of the economic impact (fishers' revenues) of the three bycatch reduction options showed these to be negligible or small.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Leather Industry Solid Waste as Nitrogen Source for Growth of Common Bean Plants (2011)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-02
    Description: The leather industry generates large amounts of a Cr-containing solid waste (wet blue leather). This material is classified by the Brazilian Environmental Council as a category-one waste, requiring a special disposal. The patented process Br n. PI 001538 is a technique to remove chromium from wet blue leather, with the recovery of a solid collagenic material (collagen), containing high nitrogen levels. This work aimed to evaluate the residual effect of soil application of collagen on the production of dry matter, content and accumulation of N in common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), after the previous growth of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) cv. Napier, as well as to quantify the mineralization rate of N in the soil. The application of collagen, at rates equivalent to 16 and 32 t ha−1, provided greater N contents in the common bean plants, indicating residual effect of these rates of application; the same was observed for the rates of 4 and 8 t ha−1, though in smaller proportions. Higher mineralization rates of N collagen occurred next to 16 days after soil incubation. During the 216 days of incubation, the treatments with collagen showed higher amounts of mineralized nitrogen.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7667
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7675
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    The Lagoa Salgada Orebody, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal (2011)
    Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-01
    Description: The Iberian Pyrite Belt is one of the most outstanding European ore provinces and hosts one of the largest concentrations of massive sulfide deposits today, totaling 1,850 million metric tons (Mt) in more than 90 deposits. Lagoa Salgada is a small orebody (estimated to have at least 4 Mt) and, as yet, an unexploited orebody found within this ore province. It is located 80 km northwest of Neves Corvo and occurs ~130 m beneath sediments of the Sado Tertiary basin, limiting interpretation to drill hole data. Lagoa Salgada is folded, faulted, and interpreted to occur mostly on the subvertical-overturned and intensely faulted limb of a southwest-verging anticline. It is represented by a central stockwork zone and a massive sulfide lens zone in the northwestern part of the orebody. Mineralization is mainly composed of pyrite with minor sphalerite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, stannite, and supergene minerals. The orebody is hosted by a volcanic succession of rhyodacitic composition. These small orebodies and some of the other abandoned mines within the Iberian Pyrite Belt may represent interesting and feasible mining projects as a result of the added value generated by the presence of trace metals, such as In, serving a significant future demand for the high-tech industry. Lagoa Salgada is one such case. Indium is a significant trace metal in the ores of Lagoa Salgada as indicated by whole-rock analyses. This element is preferentially contained by sphalerite. Electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) of In contents within sphalerite show a large variability, ranging from below detection limits to an obtained maximum of 0.8 percent In. Discrete inclusions of In-bearing minerals have not been observed, thus favoring the idea that In occurs either dispersed or in nanodomains within the host mineral.
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 6
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    Harvesting juveniles of blackspot sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Azores (Northeast Atlantic): biological implications, management, and life cycle considerations (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-18
    Description: Blackspot sea bream ( Pagellus bogaraveo ) is the most important economical resource of Azorean fisheries. Juveniles (age 0 and 1) were detected along island coastlines in nursery grounds that sheltered individuals of up to 13 cm (fork length). Juveniles occurred in coastal areas in all seasons, but higher catch per unit efforts occurred during summer. Larger individuals tended to be caught on the shelves and slopes of the islands and seamounts by the demersal, mixed hook, and line fisheries. Juveniles were exclusively found at inshore areas, while spawners were distributed over offshore areas (islands shelf/slope and seamounts), suggesting an inter-connected cycle of recruitment in coastal areas and ontogenetic migration of juveniles from inshore to offshore areas, while eggs and larvae drift in the opposite direction. Juveniles were found to be targeted by three types of fisheries, amounting to cumulative annual catches of ~36 t. Shore angling was the most important fishing method, followed by bait fishing for tuna and the coastal pelagic live-bait fishery. Fishery managers have enforced several measures to protect juveniles, although our results indicate that effective interdiction of juvenile catch would provide a long-term increase of 15 and 8% in spawning-stock biomass and catch, respectively, as well as ~13% increase in the value of landings. Although this measure could improve the protection of a species in an advanced state of overexploitation, our results showed that a decrease in fishing effort would be necessary to achieve sustainability of the stock.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Inversion for Focal Mechanisms Using Waveform Envelopes and Inaccurate Velocity Models: Examples from Brazil (2018)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉One of the major challenges for the moment tensor determination is associated with the relatively low‐magnitude events (Mw∼4) recorded by few regional stations at relatively large distances (300–600 km) and analyzed with standard velocity models of the region. Difficulties arise from the fact that synthetics in standard models (e.g., those routinely used in the location) cannot properly match real waveforms and favor the appearance of unmodeled time shifts and amplitude discrepancies (e.g., if VMs are constructed to minimize location residuals, they are not sensitive to uppermost shallow layers, which are insufficiently sampled by rays if shallow sources are missing). The situation is even worse when real waveforms can be matched but the retrieved focal mechanism is incorrect. This article investigates an alternative methodology that is more robust with respect to inappropriate velocity models: the inversion of waveform envelopes. The method is built on an empirical basis. It studies the effects of velocity models on synthetic waveforms and finds that the information about focal mechanism is encoded in the variation of the envelope shapes and amplitudes among the seismogram components. Besides synthetic tests, the method has been tested on real data comprising two earthquakes in Brazil: the 2010 Mw 4.3 Mara Rosa (MR) and the 2017 Mw 4.3 Maranhão earthquakes. When compared with solutions from previous studies, based on many polarities and 〈span〉ad hoc〈/span〉 path‐specific velocity models, we obtained in both cases the same mechanism with a single 1D model and a single‐station polarity constraint. The envelope inversion is a promising technique that might be useful in similar sparse networks, such as the one in Brazil, where standard waveform inversion, in general, is not fully efficient.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 8
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    Inversion for Focal Mechanisms Using Waveform Envelopes and Inaccurate Velocity Models: Examples from Brazil (2018)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉One of the major challenges for the moment tensor determination is associated with the relatively low‐magnitude events (Mw∼4) recorded by few regional stations at relatively large distances (300–600 km) and analyzed with standard velocity models of the region. Difficulties arise from the fact that synthetics in standard models (e.g., those routinely used in the location) cannot properly match real waveforms and favor the appearance of unmodeled time shifts and amplitude discrepancies (e.g., if VMs are constructed to minimize location residuals, they are not sensitive to uppermost shallow layers, which are insufficiently sampled by rays if shallow sources are missing). The situation is even worse when real waveforms can be matched but the retrieved focal mechanism is incorrect. This article investigates an alternative methodology that is more robust with respect to inappropriate velocity models: the inversion of waveform envelopes. The method is built on an empirical basis. It studies the effects of velocity models on synthetic waveforms and finds that the information about focal mechanism is encoded in the variation of the envelope shapes and amplitudes among the seismogram components. Besides synthetic tests, the method has been tested on real data comprising two earthquakes in Brazil: the 2010 Mw 4.3 Mara Rosa (MR) and the 2017 Mw 4.3 Maranhão earthquakes. When compared with solutions from previous studies, based on many polarities and 〈span〉ad hoc〈/span〉 path‐specific velocity models, we obtained in both cases the same mechanism with a single 1D model and a single‐station polarity constraint. The envelope inversion is a promising technique that might be useful in similar sparse networks, such as the one in Brazil, where standard waveform inversion, in general, is not fully efficient.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 9
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    CORNICHON sorting and regulation of GLR channels underlie pollen tube Ca2+ homeostasis (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-04
    Description: Compared to animals, evolution of plant calcium (Ca 2+ ) physiology has led to a loss of proteins for influx and small ligand–operated control of cytosolic Ca 2+ , leaving many Ca 2+ mechanisms unaccounted for. Here, we show a mechanism for sorting and activation of glutamate receptor–like channels (GLRs) by CORNICHON HOMOLOG (CNIH) proteins. Single mutants of pollen-expressed Arabidopsis thaliana GLRs ( At GLRs) showed growth and Ca 2+ flux phenotypes expected for plasma membrane Ca 2+ channels. However, higher-order mutants of At GLR3.3 revealed phenotypes contradicting this assumption. These discrepancies could be explained by subcellular At GLR localization, and we explored the implication of At CNIHs in this sorting. We found that At GLRs interact with At CNIH pairs, yielding specific intracellular localizations. At CNIHs further trigger At GLR activity in mammalian cells without any ligand. These results reveal a regulatory mechanism underlying Ca 2+ homeostasis by sorting and activation of At GLRs by At CNIHs.
    Keywords: Botany
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Do Cosmic Ray Air Showers Initiate Lightning?: A Statistical Analysis of Cosmic Ray Air Showers and Lightning Mapping Array Data (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-22
    Description: It has been argued in the technical literature, and widely reported in the popular press, that cosmic ray air showers (CRASs) can initiate lightning via a mechanism known as relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA), where large numbers of high energy and low energy electrons can, somehow, cause the local atmosphere in a thundercloud to transition to a conducting state. In response to this claim, other researchers have published simulations showing that the electron density produced by RREA is far too small to be able to affect the conductivity in the cloud sufficiently to initiate lightning. In this paper, we compare 74 days of cosmic ray air shower data collected in north central Florida during 2013, 2014, and 2015, the recorded CRASs having primary energies on the order of 10 16 eV to 10 18 eV and zenith angles less than 38 degrees, with Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) data, and we show that there is no evidence that the detected cosmic ray air showers initiated lightning. Furthermore, we show that the average probability of any of our detected cosmic ray air showers to initiate a lightning flash can be no more than 5 percent. If all lightning flashes were initiated by cosmic ray air showers, then about 1.6 percent of detected CRASs would initiate lightning, therefore we do not have enough data to exclude the possibility that lightning flashes could be initiated by cosmic ray air showers.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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